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arXiv 2402.18570gr-qccond-mat.stat-mechhep-thphysics.space-phquant-ph
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黑洞中的负温度压力

Negative Temperature Pressure in Black Holes

Richard A. Norte

AI总结:

本文探讨黑洞事件视界内是否存在粒子能量上界并形成负温度系统,进而提出由量子负温度效应产生向外压力以抵抗引力坍缩的理论可能。

摘要:

负温度(T < 0)概念为量子物理所独有,用于描述比任何正温度系统都更热的系统。数十年来,负温度已在多种自旋系统中得到证明,但直到最近,实验才展示出在运动自由度上具有负温度的原子系综。此类负温度系综的一个已观测行为是:尽管任意数量的粒子之间存在强吸引力,系统却能自稳定而不发生坍缩。负温度只可能存在于量子系统中,因为粒子能量存在上界——这是经典物理中不具备的性质。在此,我们考察事件视界是否会在黑洞内部设定类似的上限,从而恰在事件视界之内产生负温度系统。将黑洞热力学与实验观测到的负温度效应相结合,可能意味着黑洞中存在一种基于量子效应的向外压力。

英文摘要:

The concept of negative temperature (T < 0) is unique to quantum physics and describes systems that are hotter than any positive temperature system. For decades negative temperatures have been shown in a number of spin systems, but experiments only recently demonstrated atomic ensembles with negative temperatures in their motional degrees of freedom. An observed behavior of such negative temperature ensembles is that despite highly attractive forces between an arbitrary number of particles, there is a self-stabilization against collapse. Negative temperatures are only possible in quantum systems because there exists upper bounds on the energy of particles -- a property not found in classical physics. Here we consider whether event horizons set up similar upper limits within black holes, giving rise to negative temperature systems just within event horizons. Combining black hole thermodynamics with experimentally observed negative temperature effects could imply a quantum-based outward pressure in black holes.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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