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arXiv 2402.15280quant-phphysics.hist-ph
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谁的投影公设?

Whose Projection Postulate?

Anthony Sudbery

AI总结:

本文梳理了Dirac、冯·诺依曼、Lüders三人提出的投影公设版本,厘清其发展脉络,批评了二人对连续谱可观测量的处理,并探讨了该公设的独立地位。

摘要:

投影公设是对非相对论量子力学中,假设处于纯态的量子系统在测量具有离散谱的可观测量时所受效应的描述,它常被称为“冯·诺依曼投影公设”或“Lüders规则”。本文考察了Dirac、冯·诺依曼(von Neumann)和Lüders提出的该公设的不同版本。研究表明,Dirac在1930年提出了如今通常所说的投影公设;冯·诺依曼在1932年提出了一种不同的理论,该理论仅适用于特殊且相当罕见的情况;Lüders在1951年否定了这一理论,并提出了与Dirac的理论一致的版本。本文批评了Dirac和冯·诺依曼对具有连续谱的可观测量的处理方式,并探讨了针对该情况的广义版投影公设的可能性。文章最后讨论了(各种形式的)投影公设作为(独立于量子力学其他公设的)独立公设、以及作为(除含时薛定谔方程之外的)独立时间演化形式的地位。

英文摘要:

The projection postulate is a description of the effect on a quantum system, assumed to be in a pure state, of a measurement of an observable with a discrete spectrum, in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. It is often called "von Neumann's projection postulate" or "the Lüders rule". This paper is an examination of the versions of this postulate due to Dirac, von Neumann and Lüders. It is shown that Dirac, in 1930, proposed what is now generally known as the projection postulate. Von Neumann, in 1932, gave a different theory which only applies in special and rather unusual cases. Lüders, in 1951, rejected this theory and presented one which is the same as Dirac's. Treatments of observables with continuous spectra by both Dirac and von Neumann are criticised, and the possibility of a generalised version of the projection postulate for this case is considered. The paper concludes with a discussion of the status of the projection postulate (in its various forms) as a separate postulate (independent of the other postulates of quantum mechanics) and as a separate form of time development (in addition to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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