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arXiv 2402.15028math.NT
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模素数下的 $3k-4$ 定理:$A+B$ 的高密度情形

The $3k-4$ Theorem modulo a Prime: High Density for $A+B$

David J. Grynkiewicz

AI总结:

本文在模素数群中建立了一般和集 $A+B$ 的 $3k-4$ 定理高密度版本,首次给出具体常数值,并在理想密度约束下显著改进 Serra-Zémor 的原有结果。

摘要:

$3k-4$ 定理断言:若 $A,\\,B\subseteq \mathbb Z$ 是有限非空子集,满足 $|A|\geq |B|$ 且 $|A+B|=|A|+|B|+r< |A|+2|B|-3$,则存在具有相同公差的算术级数 $P_A$ 和 $P_B$,使得对所有 $X\in \{A,B\}$ 都有 $X\subseteq P_X$ 且 $|P_X|\leq |X|+r+1$。将该结果推广到 $\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$(其中 $p\geq 2$ 为素数)已取得大量进展。本文首先证明:若 $A,\\,B\subseteq G=\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$ 非空,满足 $|A|\geq |B|$,$A+B\neq G$,$|A+B|=|A|+|B|+r\leq |A|+1.0527|B|-3$,且 $|A+B|\leq |A|+|B|-9(r+3)$,则存在具有相同公差的算术级数 $P_A$、$P_B$ 和 $P_C$,使得对所有 $X\in \{A,B,C\}$ 都有 $X\subseteq P_X$ 且 $|P_X|\leq |X|+r+1$,其中 $C=-\\,G\setminus (A+B)$。这给出了一般和集 $A+B$ 的 $3k-4$ 定理的罕见高密度版本,并且是第一个对一般高密度和集 $A+B$ 给出具体(而非仅有效存在性)常数值的实例。模 $p$ 下 $3k-4$ 定理版本所期望的理想猜想密度限制为 $|A+B|\leq p-(r+3)$。部分利用上述结果以及其他若干近期进展,我们扩展了 Serra 和 Zémor 的方法,给出了在该理想密度约束下成立的版本。我们证明:若 $A,\\,B\subseteq G=\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$ 非空,满足 $|A|\geq |B|$,$A+B\neq G$,$|A+B|=|A|+|B|+r\leq |A|+1.01|B|-3$,且 $|A+B|\leq |A|+|B|-(r+3)$,则存在具有相同公差的算术级数 $P_A$、$P_B$ 和 $P_C$,使得对所有 $X\in \{A,B,C\}$ 都有 $X\subseteq P_X$ 且 $|P_X|\leq |X|+r+1$,其中 $C=-\\,G\setminus (A+B)$。这显著改进了 Serra 和 Zémor 的原始结果,他们处理的是 $A+A$ 的情形,要求 $p$ 充分大,并且需要更严格的小倍增假设 $|A+A|\leq |A|+1.0001|A|$。

英文摘要:

The $3k-4$ Theorem asserts that, if $A,\,B\subseteq \mathbb Z$ are finite, nonempty subsets with $|A|\geq |B|$ and $|A+B|=|A|+|B|+r< |A|+2|B|-3$, then there are arithmetic progressions $P_A$ and $P_B$ of common difference with $X\subseteq P_X$ with $|P_X|\leq |X|+r+1$ for all $X\in \{A,B\}$. There is much progress extending this result to $\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$ with $p\geq 2$ prime. Here we begin by showing that, if $A,\,B\subseteq G=\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$ are nonempty with $|A|\geq |B|$, $A+B\neq G$, $|A+B|=|A|+|B|+r\leq |A|+1.0527|B|-3$, and $|A+B|\leq |A|+|B|-9(r+3)$, then there are arithmetic progressions $P_A$, $P_B$ and $P_C$ of common difference such that $X\subseteq P_X$ with $|P_X|\leq |X|+r+1$ for all $X\in \{A,B,C\}$, where $C=-\,G\setminus (A+B)$. This gives a rare high density version of the $3k-4$ Theorem for general sumsets $A+B$ and is the first instance with tangible (rather than effectively existential) values for the constants for general sumsets $A+B$ with high density. The ideal conjectured density restriction under which a version of the $3k-4$ Theorem modulo $p$ is expected is $|A+B|\leq p-(r+3)$. In part by utilizing the above result as well as several other recent advances, we extend methods of Serra and Zémor to give a version valid under this ideal density constraint. We show that, if $A,\,B\subseteq G=\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$ are nonempty with $|A|\geq |B|$, $A+B\neq G$, $|A+B|=|A|+|B|+r\leq |A|+1.01|B|-3$, and $|A+B|\leq |A|+|B|-(r+3)$, then there exist arithmetic progressions $P_A$, $P_B$ and $P_C$ of common difference such that $X\subseteq P_X$ with $|P_X|\leq |X|+r+1$ for all $X\in \{A,B,C\}$, where $C=-\,G\setminus (A+B)$. This notably improves upon the original result of Serra and Zémor, who treated the case $A+A$, required $p$ be sufficiently large, and needed the much more restrictive small doubling hypothesis $|A+A|\leq |A|+1.0001|A|$.

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