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arXiv 2402.13396astro-ph.SR
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空间观测到的密近双星中的热亚矮星 III:由相对论束流效应引起的反射效应不对称性

Hot Subdwarfs in Close Binaries Observed from Space III: Reflection Effect Asymmetry Induced by Relativistic Beaming

Brad N. Barlow, Thomas Kupfer, Bryce A. Smith, Veronika Schaffenroth, Isabelle Parker

AI总结:

本研究通过分析TESS光变曲线的傅里叶谐波,发现sdB+dM/BD双星反射效应的形状和不对称性可用于确定非掩食系统的轨道倾角,并首次在该类系统中探测到多普勒束流效应。

摘要:

对带有红矮星或褐矮星伴星的热亚矮星B型星进行详细研究,有助于阐明双星性对恒星晚期演化的影响。由于冷伴星受到辐射,这类系统表现出强烈的、准正弦的反射效应,有些甚至显示出主星和次星掩食。在此,我们计算了TESS望远镜观测的sdB+dM/BD双星光变曲线的傅里叶变换,并研究了其谐波的相对振幅和相位与系统参数之间的相关性。我们表明,反射效应的形状强烈依赖于轨道倾角,近正面朝向的系统比近侧面朝向的系统具有更接近正弦的形状。这一信息由傅里叶变换中一次谐波的相对强度编码。通过将已解析系统的观测结果与LCURVE生成的合成光变曲线进行比较,我们发现,仅通过测量轨道周期和一次谐波强度,就能将高信噪比光变曲线的非掩食系统的倾角确定在约10度范围内。我们还利用一次谐波的相对相位,发现了sdB+dM/BD双星反射效应形状中的轻微不对称性。通过对合成光变曲线的分析,我们得出结论:这种不对称性源于两个恒星组分的相对论束流效应。这标志着首次在sdB+dM/BD系统中探测到多普勒束流效应。尽管需要高级建模来量化诸如临边昏暗、温度比和半径比等次要参数对反射效应形状的影响,但我们的初步研究表明,从非掩食系统的光变曲线中提取倾角和冷伴星速度或许是可能的。

英文摘要:

Detailed studies of hot subdwarf B stars with red dwarf or brown dwarf companions can shed light on the effects of binarity on late stellar evolution. Such systems exhibit a strong, quasi-sinusoidal reflection effect due to irradiation of the cool companion, and some even show primary and secondary eclipses. Here we compute Fourier transforms of TESS light curves of sdB+dM/BD binaries and investigate correlations between the relative amplitudes and phases of their harmonics and system parameters. We show that the reflection effect shape strongly depends on the orbital inclination, with nearly face-on systems having much more sinusoidal shapes than nearly edge-on systems. This information is encoded by the relative strength of the first harmonic in the Fourier transform. By comparing observations of solved systems to synthetic light curves generated by LCURVE, we find that the inclination of non-eclipsing systems with high S/N light curves can be determined to within ~10 degrees simply by measuring their orbital periods and first harmonic strengths. We also discover a slight asymmetry in the reflection effect shape of sdB+dM/BD binaries using the relative phase of the first harmonic. From our analysis of synthetic light curves, we conclude the asymmetry results from relativistic beaming of both stellar components. This marks the first time Doppler beaming has been detected in sdB+dM/BD systems. Although advanced modeling is necessary to quantify the effects of secondary parameters like limb darkening, the temperature ratio, and the radius ratio on the reflection effect shape, our pilot study demonstrates that it might be possible to extract both the inclination angle and cool companion velocity from the light curves of non-eclipsing systems.

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