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arXiv 2202.09608astro-ph.SR
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热亚矮星的径向速度变率和演化

Radial velocity variability and evolution of hot subdwarf stars

S. Geier, M. Dorsch, I. Pelisoli, N. Reindl, U. Heber, A. Irrgang

摘要:

热的次矮星代表了低质量恒星演化的晚期和特殊阶段,因为它们可能是由近距离的双星相互作用形成的。在这里,我们对来自斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)和大天区多目标光纤光谱望远镜(LAMOST)光谱的646个热亚矮星样本进行了径向速度(RV)变化研究。作为诊断,我们使用的RV变星的比例和分布的最大RV变化$ΔRV_{\rm max}$。这两个指标在所研究的参数范围内是非常不均匀的。一个显著的特征是贫氦和富氦热次矮星的行为完全不同。虽然前者有很高比例的近距离双星,几乎没有显着的RV变化可以检测到后者。这使我们得出结论,这些亚型之间可能没有进化联系。另一方面,中等富He和极端富He的sdOB/Os可能是相关的。我们进一步得出结论,这一群体的绝大多数是通过一个或多个二元合并渠道形成的。温度低于$\sim24\,000\,{\rm K}$的热次矮星倾向于显示出越来越小的RV变化。这些天体可能构成一个新的双星子群,具有较长的周期和晚型或紧凑的同伴。RV的极端水平分支(EHB)和相应的后EHB人口的氦贫热次矮星匹配的变异特性,并确认它们之间的预测进化的连接。在标准EHB以下发现的恒星在表面重力略高的情况下,显示出大的RV变化和高RV变化率,这与它们中的大多数是低质量EHB恒星或密近双星中低质量氦白矮星的祖先是一致的。

英文摘要:

Hot subdwarf stars represent a late and peculiar stage in the evolution of low-mass stars, because they are likely formed by close binary interactions. Here we performed a radial velocity (RV) variability study of a sample of 646 hot subdwarfs with multi-epoch radial velocities from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectra [...] As diagnostics we used the fraction of RV-variable stars and the distribution of the maximum RV variations $ΔRV_{\rm max}$. Both indicators turned out to be quite inhomogeneous across the studied parameter ranges. A striking feature is the completely different behaviour of He-poor and He-rich hot subdwarfs. While the former have a high fraction of close binaries, almost no significant RV variations could be detected for the latter. This led us to the conclusion that there likely is no evolutionary connection between these subtypes. Intermediate He-rich- and extreme He-rich sdOB/Os on the other hand are likely related. We conclude further that the vast majority of this population is formed via one or several binary merger channels. Hot subdwarfs with temperatures cooler than $\sim24\,000\,{\rm K}$ tend to show less and smaller RV-variations. These objects might constitute a new subpopulation of binaries with longer periods and late-type or compact companions. The RV-variability properties of the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) and corresponding post-EHB populations of the He-poor hot subdwarfs match and confirm the predicted evolutionary connection between them. Stars found below the canonical EHB at somewhat higher surface gravities show large RV-variations and a high RV-variability fraction, which is consistent with most of them being low-mass EHB stars or progenitors of low-mass helium white dwarfs in close binaries.

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