We propose a microscopic definition of finite cut-off JT quantum gravity on the disk, both in the discretized and in the continuum points of view. The discretized formulation involves a new model of so-called self-overlapping random polygons. The measure is not uniform, implying that the degrees of freedom are not in one-to-one correspondence with the shape of the boundary. The continuum formulation is based on a boundary $\text{CFT}_{1}$ from which we predict some critical exponents of the self-overlapping polygon model. The coupling to an arbitrary bulk matter CFT is also discussed.
We present a general solution for correlators of external boundary operators in black hole states of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. We use the Hilbert space constructed using the particle-with-spin interpretation of the Jackiw-Teitelboim action, which consists of wavefunctions defined on Lorentzian $AdS_2$. The density of states of the gravitational system appears in the amplitude for a boundary particle to emit and reabsorb matter. Up to self-interactions of matter, a general correlator can be reduced in an energy basis to a product of amplitudes for interactions and Wilson polynomials mapping be…
We construct the electric and magnetic Newton-Hooke and Carroll Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity theories using the isomorphism of Newton-Hooke$_\pm$ and (A-)dS Carroll algebras in $(1+1)$-spacetime dimensions. The starting point is the non-relativistic and Carroll version of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity without restrictions on the geometry studied in [15].
Using "complexity=action" proposal we compute complexity for Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity assuming that a UV cutoff enforces us to have a cut off behind the horizon. We find that the resultant complexity exhibits the late time linear growth. It is also consistent with the case where the corresponding Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity is obtained by dimensional reduction from higher dimensional gravities. To this work certain counter term on the cut off surface behind horizon is needed.
I show that the black hole entropy associated to an $AdS_2$ wormhole is an entanglement edge term related to a natural measure on the gauge group in the $SL(2)$ gauge theory formulation of $1+1d$ Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. I comment on what the entropy appears to be counting.
We show that the partition function of quantum Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity, including topological fluctuations, is equivalent to the partition function of a Maass-Laplace operator of large -- imaginary -- weight acting on non-compact, infinite area, hyperbolic Riemann surfaces of arbitrary genus. The resulting spectrum of this open quantum system is semiclasically exact and given by a regularized Selberg trace formula, namely, it is expressed as a sum over the lengths of primitive periodic orbits of these hyperbolic surfaces. By using semiclassical techniques, we compute analytically the sp…
We revisit a deformed Jackiw-Teitelboim model with a hyperbolic dilaton potential, constructed in the preceding work [arXiv:1701.06340]. Several solutions are discussed in a series of the subsequent papers, but all of them are pathological because of a naked singularity intrinsic to the deformation. In this paper, by employing a Weyl transformation to the original deformed model, we consider a Liouville-type potential with a cosmological constant term. Then regular solutions can be constructed with coupling to a conformal matter by using $SL(2)$ transformations. For a black hole solution, the …
The study of 2-dimensional surfaces of constant curvature constitutes a beautiful branch of geometry with well-documented ties to the mathematical physics of integrable systems. A lesser known, but equally fascinating, fact is its connection to 2-dimensional gravity; specifically Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity, where the connection manifests through a coordinate choice that roughly speaking re-casts the gravitational field equations as the sine-Gordon equation. In this language many well-known results, such as the JT-gravity black hole and its properties, were understood in terms of sine-Gordo…
We study the near horizon 2d gravity theory which captures the near extremal thermodynamics of BTZ with excess mass $δM$ and excess angular momentum $δJ =\mathcal{L}\, δM$ over extremality. We find that the Jackiw-Teitelboim theory is able to capture such departures from extremality with an additional parameter $\mathcal{L}$ relating it to the near extremal BTZ configuration. We are able to show this by obtaining new simultaneous near horizon near extremal limits of the BTZ geometry parametrized by $\mathcal{L}$. The resulting Jackiw-Teitelboim theory captures the near extremal thermodynamics …
It is well known that Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity posses the simplest theory on 2-dimensional gravity. The model has been fruitfully studied in recent years. In the present work, we investigate exact solutions for both JT and deformed JT gravity recently proposed in the literature. We revisit exact Euclidean solutions for Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity using all the non-zero components of the dilatonic equations of motion using proper integral transformation over Euclidean time coordinate. More precisely, we study exact solutions for hyperbolic coverage, cusp geometry and another compact sector …
We compute the entanglement entropy and Renyi entropies of arbitrary pure states in pure Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity in Lorentz signature. We apply the quantum Hubeny-Rangamani-Ryu-Takayanagi formula by computing the quantum corrected area term and the bulk entropy term. The sum of these two terms for the Hartle-Hawking state agrees with the black hole entropy above extremality computed from the Euclidean disk path integral. We interpret the area term as the universal contribution of a defect operator that plays a crucial role in our Lorentzian interpretation of the Euclidean replica trick in gr…
We develop the gauge theory formulation of $\mathcal{N}=1$ Jackiw-Teitelboim supergravity in terms of the underlying $\text{OSp}(1|2, \mathbb{R})$ supergroup, focusing on boundary dynamics and the exact structure of gravitational amplitudes. We prove that the BF description reduces to a super-Schwarzian quantum mechanics on the holographic boundary, where boundary-anchored Wilson lines map to bilocal operators in the super-Schwarzian theory. A classification of defects in terms of monodromies of $\text{OSp}(1|2, \mathbb{R})$ is carried out and interpreted in terms of character insertions in th…
We introduce the colored version of Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity which is the two-dimensional dilaton gravity model with matrix-valued fields. It is straightforwardly formulated in terms of BF action with $su(N,N)$ gauge algebra so that the standard JT gravity is embedded as $su(1,1) \subset su(N,N)$ subsector. We also elaborate on the respective metric formulation which is shown to involve the JT fields plus $su(N)$ non-Abelian fields as well as $su(N)$-matrix valued metric and dilaton fields. Their interactions are governed by minimal couplings and potential terms of cubic and quartic orde…
We study the boundary effective action of the colored version of the Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity. We derive the boundary action, which is the color generalization of the Schwarzian action, from the $su(N,N)$ BF formulation of the colored JT gravity. Using different types of the $SU(N,N)$ group decompositions both the zero and finite temperature cases are elaborated. We provide the semi-classical perturbative analysis of the boundary action and discuss the instability of the spin-1 mode and its implication for the quantum chaos. A rainbow-AdS$_2$ geometry is introduced where the color gauge …
In this letter, we show that Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity can be naturally realized in the Karch-Randall braneworld. Notably the role of the dilaton in JT gravity is played by the radion in a suitably orbifolded version of the setup. In the classical entanglement entropy calculation, there is an apparent degeneracy of Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces. We demonstrate how quantum fluctuations of the radion/dilaton resolves this would-be classical puzzle regarding entanglement wedge reconstruction.
Using a definition of the bulk frame within 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity, we go into the bulk from the Schwarzian boundary. Including the path integral over the Schwarzian degrees of freedom, we discuss the quantum gravitational Unruh effect and the Planckian black-body spectrum of the thermal atmosphere. We analyze matter entanglement entropy and how the entangling surface should be defined in quantum gravity. Finally, we reanalyze a semi-classical model for black hole evaporation studied in JHEP 1607, 139 (2016) and compute the entanglement between early and late Hawking radiation, illustrat…
Having in mind extensions of 2D holography beyond the Jackiw-Teitelboim model we propose holographic counterterms and asymptotic conditions for a family of asymptotically AdS$_2$ dilaton gravity models leading to a consistent variational problem and a finite on-shell action. We show the presence of asymptotic Virasoro symmetries in all these models. The Schwarzian action generates (a part) of the equations of motion governing the asymptotic degrees of freedom. We also analyse the applicability of various entropy formulae. By a dilaton-dependent conformal transformation our results are extended…
In general, the Gibbons-Hawking temperature based on the Euclidean functional approach shows that de Sitter space in the Bunch-Davies vacuum is globally thermal. In the exactly soluble semiclassical Jackiw-Teitelboim model, we investigate thermal property of de Sitter space by taking into account the quantum back reaction of the geometry. The proper temperature of de Sitter space in the Bunch-Davies vacuum is found to vanish. In case of a certain quantum state breaking the de Sitter symmetry, de Sitter space can be made thermally exited; however, in this case the dilaton singularity cannot be …
We construct the non-relativistic and Carrollian versions of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. In the second order formulation, there are no divergences in the non-relativistic and Carrollian limits. Instead, in the first order formalism there are divergences that can be avoided by starting from a relativistic BF theory with (A)dS2$\times\mathbb{R}$ gauge algebra. We show how to define the boundary duals of the gravity actions using the method of non-linear realisations and suitable Inverse Higgs constraints. In particular, the non-relativistic version of the Schwarzian action is constructed in this …
We analyse the Jackiw-Teitelboim model of 2D gravity coupled to $N$ massless free scalar fields in the semi-classical limit. Two systems are studied which essentially differ in the boundary conditions that are imposed. We find that the thermodynamics has interesting differences. We also analyse the response to additional infalling matter which satisfies the null energy condition. The second law is shown to be valid in both systems for the generalised entropy which takes into account the entanglement across the event horizon due to the matter fields. Similarly we find that the generalised entro…
In the semiclassical approximation to JT gravity, we find two-point and four-point correlators of heavy operators. To do so, we introduce a massive particle in the bulk and compute its action with gravitational backreaction. In Euclidean signature, the two-point function has a finite limit at large distances. In real time, we find that the thermal two-point function approaches an exponentially small value $\sim \exp(-N)$ at long time. We also find that after a period of exponential decay, the out of time ordered four-point function approaches an exponentially small value as well.
We propose an exact quantization of two-dimensional Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity by formulating the JT gravity theory as a 2D gauge theory placed in the presence of a loop defect. The gauge group is a certain central extension of $PSL(2, \mathbb{R})$ by $\mathbb{R}$. We find that the exact partition function of our theory when placed on a Euclidean disk matches precisely the finite temperature partition function of the Schwarzian theory. We show that observables on both sides are also precisely matched: correlation functions of boundary-anchored Wilson lines in the bulk are given by those of…
We investigate generalized Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity, coupling the dilaton field with two scalar matter fields. We obtain the equations of motion of the fields and investigate the linear perturbation of the solutions in general. We study two specific situations that allow analytic solutions with topological behavior and check how the dilaton field, the warp factor and Ricci scalar behave. In particular, we have shown how the parameters can be used to modify the structure of the solutions. Moreover, the perturbations are in general described by intricate coupled differential equations, but in s…
We show that the free energy at low temperatures for near-extremal black holes is correctly obtained from the Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) model of gravity. Our arguments apply to all black holes, including rotating ones, whose metric has a near-horizon $\mathrm{AdS}_2$ factor and the associated $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry. We verify these arguments by explicit calculations for rotating black holes in $4$ and $5$ dimensions. Our results suggest that the JT model could prove useful in analysing the dynamics of near-extremal Kerr black holes found in nature.
Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity with non-vanishing cosmological constant coupled to Liouville theory is considered as a non-critical string on $d$ dimensional flat spacetime. It is discussed how the presence of cosmological constant yields additional constraints on the parameter space of the theory, even when the conformal anomaly is independent of the cosmological constant. Such constraints agree with the necessary conditions for the tachyon field to be a primary --prelogarithmic-- operator of the worldsheet conformal field theory. Thus, the linearized tachyon field equation allows to impose the di…
The Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) model arises from the dimensional reduction of charged black holes. Motivated by the holographic complexity conjecture, we calculate the late-time rate of change of action of a Wheeler-DeWitt patch in the JT theory. Surprisingly, the rate vanishes. This is puzzling because it contradicts both holographic expectations for the rate of complexification and also action calculations for charged black holes. We trace the discrepancy to an improper treatment of boundary terms when naively doing the dimensional reduction. Once the boundary term is corrected, we find exact ag…
We study quantum cosmology of the $2D$ Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity with $Λ>0$ and calculate the Hartle-Hawking (HH) wave function for this model in the minisuperspace framework. Our approach is guided by the observation that the JT dynamics can be mapped exactly onto that of the Kantowski-Sachs (KS) model describing a homogeneous universe with spatial sections of $S^1\times S^2$ topology. This allows us to establish a JT-KS correspondence between the wave functions of the models. We obtain the semiclassical Hartle-Hawking wave function by evaluating the path integral with appropriate bounda…
We study $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity at finite temperature coupled to matter. The matter fields are related to superconformal primaries by AdS/CFT duality. Due to broken super reparametrisation invariance in the SCFT dual, there are corrections to superconformal correlators. These are generated by the exchange of super-Schwarzian modes which is dual to the exchange of 2D supergravity modes. We compute corrections to four-point functions for superconformal primaries and analyse the behaviour of out-of-time-ordered correlators. In particular, four-point function…
Field-to-particle transition based on the zero-brane approach to quantization of multiscalar field theories and its application for Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
It was proven recently that JT gravity can be defined as an ensemble of L x L Hermitian matrices. We point out that the eigenvalues of the matrix correspond in JT gravity to FZZT-type boundaries on which spacetimes can end. We then investigate an ensemble of matrices with 1<<N<<L eigenvalues held fixed. This corresponds to a version of JT gravity which includes N FZZT type boundaries in the path integral contour and which is found to emulate a discrete quantum chaotic system. In particular this version of JT gravity can capture the behavior of finite-volume holographic correlators at late time…
We consider a charged Lifshitz black hole in the large transverse dimension limit. In this setup, the dynamics near the black hole horizon are shown to be effectively governed by a family of two-dimensional models of dilaton gravity depending on the ratio of the dynamical parameter characterizing the black hole and the dimension of spacetime. This family includes the Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger (CGHS) and Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) models and their charged equivalents. This family also contains classes of asymptotically anti-de Sitter models beyond JT, characterized by a running Ricci scalar…
We study linear scalar perturbations of black holes in two-dimensional (2D) gravity models with a particular emphasis on Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity. We obtain an exact expression of the quasinormal mode frequencies for single horizon black holes in JT gravity and then verify it numerically using the Horowitz-Hubeny method. For a 2D Reissner-Nordström like solution, we find that the massless scalar wave equation reduces to the confluent Heun equation using which we calculate the Hawking spectra. Finally, we consider the dimensionally reduced Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole and o…
Freudenthal duality (F-duality), an anti-involution of charge vectors keep the entropy and attractor solutions invariant for an extremal supersymmetric black hole. In this paper, we analyze the effect of F-duality on the entropy of a near-extremal $STU$ black hole in $\mathcal{N}=2$ ungauged, four-dimensional supergravity. We consider double-extremal black holes, whose attractor solutions are fixed in terms of the black hole charges throughout the moduli space. It is well known that JT gravity governs the dynamics of the near-horizon regions of higher dimensional, near-extremal black holes. Ow…
We specify bulk coordinates in Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity using a boundary-intrinsic radar definition. This allows us to study and calculate exactly diff-invariant bulk correlation functions of matter-coupled JT gravity, which are found to satisfy microcausality. We observe that quantum gravity effects dominate near-horizon matter correlation functions. This shows that quantum matter in classical curved spacetime is not a sensible model for near-horizon matter-coupled JT gravity. This is how JT gravity, given our choice of bulk frame, evades an information paradox. This echoes into the qua…
We classify and study defects in 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. We show these are holographically described by a deformation of the Schwarzian theory where the reparametrization mode is integrated over different coadjoint orbits of the Virasoro group. We show that the quantization of each coadjoint orbit is connected to 2d Liouville CFT between branes with insertions of Verlinde loop operators. We also propose an interpretation for the exceptional orbits. We use this perspective to solve these deformations of the Schwarzian theory, computing their partition function and correlators. In the proc…
We study Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity with dynamical end of the world branes in asymptotically nearly AdS$_2$ spacetimes. We quantize this theory in Lorentz signature, and compute the Euclidean path integral summing over topologies including dynamical branes. The latter will be seen to exactly match with a modification of the SSS matrix model. The resolution of UV divergences in the gravitational instantons involving the branes will lead us to understand the matrix model interpretation of the Wilsonian effective theory perspective on the gravitational theory. We complete this modified SSS matrix …
It might be tempting to consider that the two-dimensional anti-de Sitter black hole in the Jackiw-Teitelboim model is thermally hot by invoking the non-vanishing surface gravity. So, one might expect that the local temperature would also be blue-shifted near the horizon, while it would vanish at infinity because of the Tolman factor of the local temperature. In this paper, we will show that the local temperature vanishes everywhere, which respects the equivalence principle perfectly in contrast to the case of the asymptotically flat black holes recovering the equivalence principle just at the …
In this paper we use the covariant Peierls bracket to compute the algebra of a sizable number of diffeomorphism-invariant observables in classical Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to fairly arbitrary matter. We then show that many recent results, including the construction of traversable wormholes, the existence of a family of $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ algebras acting on the matter fields, and the calculation of the scrambling time, can be recast as simple consequences of this algebra. We also use it to clarify the question of when the creation of an excitation deep in the bulk increases or decrease…
The low-energy behavior of near-extremal black holes can be understood from the near-horizon AdS_2 region. In turn, this region is effectively described by using Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to Yang-Mills theory through the two-dimensional metric and the dilaton field. We show that such a two-dimensional model of gravity coupled to gauge fields is soluble for an arbitrary choice of gauge group and gauge couplings. Specifically, we determine the partition function of the theory on two-dimensional surfaces of arbitrary genus and with an arbitrary number of boundaries. When solely focusing o…
