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arXiv 2402.06202astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAphysics.comp-ph
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AGORA 高分辨率星系模拟比较项目 IV:在宇宙学 Zoom-in 模拟中 $z\le2$ 时的暗物质晕与星系质量增长

The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project IV: Halo and Galaxy Mass Assembly in a Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation at $z\le2$

Santi Roca-Fàbrega, Ji-hoon Kim, Joel R. Primack, Minyong Jung, Anna Genina, Loic Hausammann, Hyeonyong Kim, Alessandro Lupi, Kentaro Nagamine, Johnny W. Powell… 展开作者

Santi Roca-Fàbrega, Ji-hoon Kim, Joel R. Primack, Minyong Jung, Anna Genina, Loic Hausammann, Hyeonyong Kim, Alessandro Lupi, Kentaro Nagamine, Johnny W. Powell, Yves Revaz, Ikkoh Shimizu, Clayton Strawn, Héctor Velázquez, Tom Abel, Daniel Ceverino, Bili Dong, Thomas R. Quinn, Eun-jin Shin, Alvaro Segovia-Otero, Oscar Agertz, Kirk S. S. Barrow, Corentin Cadiou, Avishai Dekel, Cameron Hummels, Boon Kiat Oh, Romain Teyssier, The Agora Collaboration

AI总结:

本研究比较八个流体动力学代码的宇宙学 zoom-in 模拟,分析银河系质量星系在 $z\le2$ 的暗物质晕与星系质量增长,发现代码间差异源于引力求解器时间步长参数和早期恒星反馈,并公开数据。

摘要:

在 AGORA 合作项目的第四篇论文中,我们研究了由八个领先的流体动力学模拟代码生成的银河系质量星系的宇宙学 zoom-in 模拟,直至红移 $z=2$ 及以下的演化。我们还将这套 CosmoRun 模拟与由相同八个代码生成的暗物质-only 模拟进行了比较。我们分析了 $z=4$ 和 3 以及最后一次重大并合之前暗物质晕和星系的一般性质,重点关注形成良好的旋转支持盘、质量-金属丰度关系、特定恒星形成率、气体金属丰度梯度以及恒星盘中的非轴对称结构。各代码通常在 $z\sim2$ 时与半解析模型预测的恒星-暗物质晕质量比收敛良好。我们看到几乎所有流体代码在低红移时都发展出旋转支持的结构。大多数代码在高和中等红移时与观测到的 MZR 在 0.5 dex 范围内一致,并再现了从解析模型和低红移观测中获得的气体金属丰度梯度。我们确认,合作项目第一篇论文中报告的暗物质晕组装历史中的代码间差异也存在于 CosmoRun 中,这使得代码间比较更加困难。我们表明,这些差异主要是由于控制引力求解器时间步长策略的代码相关参数的变化所致。我们发现,早期恒星反馈的变化也可能导致低红移并合时间的差异。所有降至 $z=2$ 的模拟数据和辅助数据将公开提供。

英文摘要:

In this fourth paper from the AGORA Collaboration, we study the evolution down to redshift $z=2$ and below of a set of cosmological zoom-in simulations of a Milky Way mass galaxy by eight of the leading hydrodynamic simulation codes. We also compare this CosmoRun suite of simulations with dark matter-only simulations by the same eight codes. We analyze general properties of the halo and galaxy at $z=4$ and 3, and before the last major merger, focusing on the formation of well-defined rotationally-supported disks, the mass-metallicity relation, the specific star formation rate, the gas metallicity gradients, and the non-axisymmetric structures in the stellar disks. Codes generally converge well to the stellar-to-halo mass ratios predicted by semi-analytic models at $z\sim$2. We see that almost all the hydro codes develop rotationally-supported structures at low redshifts. Most agree within 0.5 dex with the observed MZR at high and intermediate redshifts, and reproduce the gas metallicity gradients obtained from analytical models and low-redshift observations. We confirm that the inter-code differences in the halo assembly history reported in the first paper of the collaboration also exist in CosmoRun, making the code-to-code comparison more difficult. We show that such differences are mainly due to variations in code-dependent parameters that control the time-stepping strategy of the gravity solver. We find that variations in the early stellar feedback can also result in differences in the timing of the low-redshift mergers. All the simulation data down to $z=2$ and the auxiliary data will be made publicly available.

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