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arXiv 1903.04544astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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AGN反馈如何驱动第一类类星体的大小增长

How AGN feedback drives the size growth of the first quasars

Dieuwertje van der Vlugt, Tiago Costa

摘要:

$z \,=\, 6$中的类星体是由质量为$M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^9 \rm \, M_{\odot}$的超大质量黑洞吸积提供动力的。它们的快速组装需要有效的气体流入星系核,以接近爱丁顿极限的速度维持黑洞吸积,但也需要高的中心恒星形成率。使用一组宇宙学的"放大"流体动力学模拟与移动网格代码Arepo,我们发现,$z \,=\, 6$类星体宿主星系发展非常紧密结合的恒星凸起的峰值圆速度$300$-$500$公里的$^{-1}$和半质量半径$\approx 0.5 \, \rm kpc$。尽管它们的结合能高,我们发现,这些紧凑的凸起膨胀在$z \, < \, 6$,其半质量半径达到$ \approx 5$ kpc的$z \, = \, 3$。在$z \, \approx \, 3$处,圆速度从初始值下降到$200$-$300$ km s $^{-1}$,并经历一个尖核转变。通过跟踪单个恒星的种群,我们发现恒星成分的逐渐膨胀主要是由爆发性活动星系核反馈引起的引力势波动驱动的。我们还发现,星系大小的增长和核心恒星的发展不会发生,如果AGN反馈是无效的。我们的研究结果表明,活动星系核驱动的外流可能对大质量星系的内部结构有着深远的影响,可能解释了它们的尺寸增长,核心椭圆星系的形成以及在高速色散$σ_{\star}$中看到的$M_{\rm BH}$-$σ_{\star}$的饱和。

英文摘要:

Quasars at $z \,=\, 6$ are powered by accretion onto supermassive black holes with masses $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^9 \rm \, M_{\odot}$. Their rapid assembly requires efficient gas inflow into the galactic nucleus, sustaining black hole accretion at a rate close to the Eddington limit, but also high central star formation rates. Using a set of cosmological 'zoom-in' hydrodynamic simulations performed with the moving mesh code Arepo, we show that $z \,=\, 6$ quasar host galaxies develop extremely tightly bound stellar bulges with peak circular velocities $300$ - $500$ km s$^{-1}$ and half-mass radii $\approx 0.5 \, \rm kpc$. Despite their high binding energy, we find that these compact bulges expand at $z \, < \, 6$, with their half-mass radii reaching $ \approx 5$ kpc by $z \, = \, 3$. The circular velocity drops by factors $\approx 2$ from their initial values to $200$ - $300$ km s$^{-1}$ at $z \, \approx \, 3$ and the stellar profile undergoes a cusp-core transformation. By tracking individual stellar populations, we find that the gradual expansion of the stellar component is mainly driven by fluctuations in the gravitational potential induced by bursty AGN feedback. We also find that galaxy size growth and the development of a cored stellar profile does not occur if AGN feedback is ineffective. Our findings suggest that AGN-driven outflows may have profound implications for the internal structure of massive galaxies, possibly accounting for their size growth, the formation of cored ellipticals as well as for the saturation of the $M_{\rm BH}$ - $σ_{\star}$ seen at high velocity dispersions $σ_{\star}$.

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