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arXiv 2402.03031quant-ph
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工作在200 mK以上、频率高于20 GHz的超导量子比特

Superconducting Qubits Above 20 GHz Operating over 200 mK

Alexander Anferov, Shannon P. Harvey, Fanghui Wan, Jonathan Simon, David I. Schuster

AI总结:

本研究针对超导量子比特需极低温运行的问题,采用低损耗铌三层结制备最高24 GHz的transmon量子比特,实现250 mK下的稳定运行,为量子计算规模化和高散热混合实验提供新方案。

摘要:

当前最先进的超导微波量子比特需要被冷却至极低温度,以避免退相干源。更高的量子比特工作温度将显著提升可用冷却功率,这对于扩大量子计算架构中的量子比特数量、以及将量子比特集成到需要更高散热能力的实验中而言是理想的特性。要在更高温度下运行超导量子比特,必须同时解决准粒子退相干(对于铝结而言,该效应在160 mK以上会变得显著)和热微波光子导致的退相位(该问题在50 mK以上凸显)两个问题。我们采用低损耗铌三层结——由于铌的超导转变温度更高,这类结对准粒子的敏感性更低——制备出了频率高于此前研究水平、最高可达24 GHz的transmon(传输子)量子比特。我们测得其退相干时间和退相位时间约为1微秒,对应的平均量子比特品质因数约为$10^5$,并发现在1 K以下的温度范围内,准粒子不会对退相干产生影响。在没有准粒子弛豫的情况下,我们得以探究纯热源导致的退相位,发现我们的量子比特可在约250 mK的温度下运行,同时保持相近的性能。这些量子比特的热韧性为扩大量子处理器规模提供了新的选择,支持具有高散热预算的混合量子实验,也为更高频率的量子比特提供了材料平台。

英文摘要:

Current state-of-the-art superconducting microwave qubits are cooled to extremely low temperatures to avoid sources of decoherence. Higher qubit operating temperatures would significantly increase the cooling power available, which is desirable for scaling up the number of qubits in quantum computing architectures and integrating qubits in experiments requiring increased heat dissipation. To operate superconducting qubits at higher temperatures, it is necessary to address both quasiparticle decoherence (which becomes significant for aluminum junctions above 160 mK) and dephasing from thermal microwave photons (which are problematic above 50 mK). Using low-loss niobium trilayer junctions, which have reduced sensitivity to quasiparticles due to niobium's higher superconducting transition temperature, we fabricate transmons with higher frequencies than previously studied, up to 24 GHz. We measure decoherence and dephasing times of about 1 us, corresponding to average qubit quality factors of approximately $10^5$, and find that decoherence is unaffected by quasiparticles up to 1 K. Without relaxation from quasiparticles, we are able to explore dephasing from purely thermal sources, finding that our qubits can operate up to approximately 250 mK while maintaining similar performance. The thermal resilience of these qubits creates new options for scaling up quantum processors, enables hybrid quantum experiments with high heat dissipation budgets, and introduces a material platform for even higher-frequency qubits.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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