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arXiv 2401.13629hep-phhep-ex
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使用 Tsallis 分布研究高能碰撞中动力学冻结时热力学变量对系统尺寸的依赖关系

System size dependence of thermodynamic variables at kinetic freeze-out in high-energy collisions using the Tsallis distribution

Rishabh Sharma, Krishan Gopal, Sharang Rav Sharma, Chitrasen Jena

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AI总结：

该研究采用热力学一致的 Tsallis 分布，基于 LHC 不同碰撞系统的带电强子谱，提取动力学冻结时多种热力学量，揭示其随系统尺寸的变化规律。

摘要：

我们采用热力学一致形式的 Tsallis 分布，研究高能碰撞中各种热力学量对系统尺寸的依赖关系。利用 LHC 上 $p$+$p$、$p$+Pb、Xe+Xe 和 Pb+Pb 碰撞中获得的带电强子谱，测定动力学冻结面上的能量密度、压强、粒子密度、熵密度、平均自由程、Knudsen 数、热容、等温压缩系数、膨胀系数以及声速。我们将这些量作为系统尺寸的函数加以研究。值得注意的是，研究发现这些热力学变量在 $p$+$p$ 和 $p$+Pb 碰撞等小系统中的增加（或减少）速率，比在 Xe+Xe 和 Pb+Pb 碰撞等大系统中更快。这可能源于小碰撞系统在动力学冻结时强子系统的体积较小。观测表明，高多重数 $p$+$p$ 碰撞在动力学冻结时产生与边缘重离子碰撞相似的热力学条件。

英文摘要：

We use a thermodynamically consistent form of Tsallis distribution to study the dependence of various thermodynamic quantities on the system size in high-energy collisions. The charged hadron spectra obtained in $p$+$p$, $p$+Pb, Xe+Xe, and Pb+Pb collisions at LHC are used to determine the energy density, pressure, particle density, entropy density, mean free path, Knudsen number, heat capacity, isothermal compressibility, expansion coefficient, and speed of sound at the kinetic freeze-out surface. These quantities are studied as a function of the system size. Notably, the rate of increase (or decrease) in these thermodynamic variables is found to be more rapid in small systems such as $p$+$p$ and $p$+Pb collisions than in large systems such as Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb collisions. This may be due to the small volume of the hadronic system in small collision systems at kinetic freeze-out. It is observed that high-multiplicity $p$+$p$ collisions produce similar thermodynamic conditions as peripheral heavy-ion collisions at kinetic freeze-out.

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