高能Cu-Cu，Au-Au和Pb-Pb碰撞中三重动力学冻结的证据
An evidence of triple kinetic freezeout scenario observed in all centrality intervals in Cu-Cu, Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions at high energies
摘要：
利用Tsallis统计的爆炸波模型，分析了200 GeV、62.4 GeV和2.76 TeV的铜-铜（Cu-Cu）、金-金（Au-Au）和铅-铅（Pb-Pb）碰撞中$π^+$、$K^+$、$p$、$K^0_s$、$Λ$、$Ξ$或$\barΞ^+$和$Ω$或$\barΩ^+$或$Ω+\barΩ$在不同中心度仓中的横动量谱.在特定的横动量范围内，模型计算结果与BRAHMS、STAR和ALICE合作组的实验结果基本一致。从颗粒的横向动量谱中提取出颗粒的动态冻出温度、横向流速和动态冻出体积。观察到，由于多奇异和奇异粒子的反应截面比非奇异粒子小，$\barΞ^+$和$Ω$或$\barΩ^+$或$Ω+\barΩ$具有比$π^+$和$p$更大的动力学冻结温度，其次是$K^+$、$K^0_s$和$Λ$。目前的工作揭示了在BRAHMS，STAR和ALICE合作的碰撞中的三重动力学冻结的情况下，然而，横向流动速度和动力学冻结体积是质量依赖的，它们随着粒子的静止质量的增加而减小。此外，从中心碰撞到周边碰撞，冻结温度、横向流速和冻结体积逐渐减小，而参数q逐渐增大，表明中心碰撞接近快速平衡。此外，在较大的碰撞体系中，动态冻析温度和动态冻析体积较大，这表明其依赖于相互作用体系的尺寸，而横向流动速度随能量的增加而增加.
英文摘要：
Transverse momentum spectra of $π^+$, $K^+$, $p$, $K^0_s$, $Λ$, $Ξ$ or $\barΞ^+$ and $Ω$ or $\barΩ^+$ or $Ω+\barΩ$ in Copper-Copper (Cu-Cu), Gold-Gold (Au-Au) and Lead-Lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at 200 GeV, 62.4 GeV and 2.76 TeV respectively, are analyzed in different centrality bins by the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics. The model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by BRAHMS, STAR and ALICE Collaborations in special transverse momentum ranges. Kinetic freeze out temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are extracted from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. It is observed that $\barΞ^+$ and $Ω$ or $\barΩ^+$ or $Ω+\barΩ$ have larger kinetic freezeout temperature followed by $K^+$, $K^0_s$ and $Λ$ than $π^+$ and $p$ due to smaller reaction cross-sections of multi-strange and strange particles than non-strange particles. The present work reveals the scenario of triple kinetic freezeout in collisions at BRAHMS, STAR and ALICE Collaborations, however the transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are mass dependent and they decrease with the increasing rest mass of the particle. In addition, the kinetic freezeout temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are decreasing from central to peripheral collisions while the parameter q increase from central to peripheral collisions, indicating the approach of quick equilibrium in the central collisions. Besides, the kinetic freezeout temperature and kinetic freezeout volume are observed to be larger in larger collision system which shows its dependence on the size of the interacting system, while transverse flow velocity increase with increasing energy.
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