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arXiv 2401.04414astro-ph.EP
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偶然的档案观测:新超远距离彗星 C/2019 E3 (ATLAS)

Serendipitous Archival Observations of A New Ultra-distant Comet C/2019 E3 (ATLAS)

Man-To Hui, Robert Weryk, Marco Micheli, Zhong Huang, Richard Wainscoat

AI总结:

本研究发现超远距离彗星 C/2019 E3 (ATLAS) 在日心距大于20 au时表现出由超挥发物升华驱动的稳态活动,通过档案数据建模分析其尘埃环境、彗星颜色及轨道,证实其为受星系潮汐影响且彗核直径至少3公里的动力学新彗星。

摘要:

我们识别出了一颗新的超远距离彗星 C/2019 E3 (ATLAS),它在日心距 $\gtrsim\\!20$ au 时表现出近日点前的彗星活动,使其成为继 C/2010 U3 (Boattini)、C/2014 UN$_{271}$ (Bernardinelli-Bernstein) 和 C/2017 K2 (PANSTARRS) 之后该群体的第四个成员。利用偶然的档案数据,我们对这颗彗星进行了分析,发现其活动与稳态行为一致,暗示了超挥发物的升华;在轨道的入射段,其尘埃横截面逐渐增大,随日心距的变化关系为 $r_{\rm H}^{-1.5 \pm 0.4}$;在观测期间,尘埃的产生率 $\gtrsim\\!10^2$ kg s$^{-1}$。我们对彗星高度对称的形态学建模表明,其尘埃环境可能由从彗核向阳半球以 $\lesssim\\!0.4$ m s$^{-1}$ 速度喷射的毫米级尘埃颗粒主导。假设典型的几何反照率为 0.05 并采用几个简化的热物理模型,我们估计该彗核的直径至少为 $\sim\\!3$ km。我们还测量了该彗星的颜色,发现其与其他长周期彗星一致,只是在 $g-r$ 波段略微偏蓝。通过天体测量,我们确定了该彗星改进后的轨道,并基于此推导出该彗星在动力学上是新的,且由于星系潮汐的作用,其近日点距离将进一步缩小。我们通过比较已知超远距离彗星的既有特征来总结本文。

英文摘要:

We identified a new ultra-distant comet C/2019 E3 (ATLAS) exhibiting preperihelion cometary activity at heliocentric distances $\gtrsim\!20$ au, making it the fourth member of this population after C/2010 U3 (Boattini), C/2014 UN$_{271}$ (Bernardinelli-Bernstein), and C/2017 K2 (PANSTARRS). From serendipitous archival data, we conducted analyses of the comet, finding that the activity was consistent with steady-state behaviour, suggestive of sublimation of supervolatiles, that the cross-section of dust increased gradually on the inbound leg of the orbit, varying with heliocentric distances as $r_{\rm H}^{-1.5 \pm 0.4}$, and that the dust was produced at a rate of $\gtrsim\!10^2$ kg s$^{-1}$ within the observed timespan. Our modelling of the largely symmetric morphology of the comet suggests that the dust environment was likely dominated by mm-scale dust grains ejected at speeds $\lesssim\!0.4$ m s$^{-1}$ from the sunlit hemisphere of the nucleus. Assuming a typical geometric albedo of 0.05 and adopting several simplistic thermophysical models, we estimated the nucleus to be at least $\sim\!3$ km across. We also measured the colour of the comet to be consistent with other long-period comets, except being slightly bluer in $g-r$. With our astrometric measurements, we determined an improved orbit of the comet, based upon which we derived that the comet is dynamically new and that its perihelion distance will further shrink due to the Galactic tide. We conclude the paper by comparing the known characteristics of the known ultra-distant comets.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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