arXiv 2011.099932020-11astro-ph.EP

活动半人马座P/2019 LD2（ATLAS）的同期多波长和恢复前观测

Contemporaneous Multi-Wavelength and Precovery Observations of Active Centaur P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS

Theodore Kareta, Laura M. Woodney, Charles Schambeau, Yanga Fernandez, Olga Harrington Pinto, Kacper Wierzchos, M. Womack, S. J. Bus, Jordan Steckloff, Gal Sari… 展开作者

Theodore Kareta, Laura M. Woodney, Charles Schambeau, Yanga Fernandez, Olga Harrington Pinto, Kacper Wierzchos, M. Womack, S. J. Bus, Jordan Steckloff, Gal Sarid, Kathryn Volk, Walter M. Harris, Vishnu Reddy

备注：: 29 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Planetary Science Journal (PSJ) on January 28th, 2021

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摘要：

Gateway Centaur和木星共轨P/2019 LD 2（ATLAS）（Sarid等人，2019年）提供了第一次观察太阳系小天体从Centaur轨道迁移到木星家族彗星（JFC）的机会（Kareta等人，2020; Hsieh等人，2020）。网关过渡区是超越水冰可以为彗星活动提供动力的地方，那里的彗发产生与所有半人马座一样知之甚少。我们介绍了2020年7月2日至4日对LD 2的同期多波长观测：Gemini-North可见光成像，NASA IRTF近红外光谱和ARO SMT毫米波长光谱。Prerecovery DECam图像将核心的有效半径限制在<=1.2公里，并且在卡特琳娜巡天观测档案中没有看到大的爆发。LD 2的彗发g '-r'= 0.70+/-0.07，r '-i'= 0.26+/-0.07，粉尘产生速率约为10-20 kg/s，流出速度约为0.6-3.3 m/s。我们在2020年7月2日至3日没有检测到CO朝向LD 2，3 σ上限为Q（CO）< 4.4 * 10^27 mol/s（<200 kg/s）。近红外光谱显示水冰的证据在1-10%的水平取决于颗粒大小。空间概况和档案数据与持续的活动相一致。这些证据支持了LD 2是一个典型的小型半人马，将成为一个典型的JFC的假设，因此，理解这两个种群之间的过渡是至关重要的。最后，我们讨论了社区范围内的长期基线监测工作的潜在战略。

英文摘要：

Gateway Centaur and Jupiter co-orbital P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS) (Sarid et al. 2019) provides the first opportunity to observe the migration of a Solar System small body from a Centaur orbit to a Jupiter Family Comet (JFC) four decades from now (Kareta et al., 2020; Hsieh et al. 2020). The Gateway transition region is beyond where water ice can power cometary activity, and coma production there is as poorly understood as in all Centaurs. We present contemporaneous multi-wavelength observations of LD2 from 2020 July 2-4: Gemini-North visible imaging, NASA IRTF near-infrared spectroscopy, and ARO SMT millimeter-wavelength spectroscopy. Precovery DECam images limit the nucleu's effective radius to <=1.2 km and no large outbursts were seen in archival Catalina Sky Survey observations. LD2's coma has g'-r'=0.70+/-0.07, r'-i'=0.26+/-0.07, a dust production rate of ~10-20 kg/s, and an outflow velocity between v~0.6-3.3 m/s. We did not detect CO towards LD2 on 2020 July 2-3, with a 3-sigma upper limit of Q(CO) < 4.4 * 10^27 mol/s (<200 kg/s). Near-infrared spectra show evidence for water ice at the 1-10% level depending on grain size. Spatial profiles and archival data are consistent with sustained activity. The evidence supports the hypothesis that LD2 is a typical small Centaur that will become a typical JFC, and thus it is critical to understanding the transition between these two populations. Finally, we discuss potential strategies for a community-wide, long baseline monitoring effort.

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