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arXiv 2109.14822astro-ph.EP
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主带彗星(248370)2005 QN173的物理特征

Physical Characterization of Main-Belt Comet (248370) 2005 QN173

Henry H. Hsieh, Colin O. Chandler, Larry Denneau, Alan Fitzsimmons, Nicolas Erasmus, Michael S. P. Kelley, Matthew M. Knight, Tim A. Lister, Jana Pittichova, Sc… 展开作者

Henry H. Hsieh, Colin O. Chandler, Larry Denneau, Alan Fitzsimmons, Nicolas Erasmus, Michael S. P. Kelley, Matthew M. Knight, Tim A. Lister, Jana Pittichova, Scott S. Sheppard, Audrey Thirouin, Chadwick A. Trujillo, Helen Usher, Edward Gomez, Joey Chatelain, Sarah Greenstreet, Tony Angel, Richard Miles, Paul Roche, Ben Wooding

摘要:

我们报告了新发现的活跃小行星(248370)2005 QN_137的新的和档案观测结果,该小行星已被确定为可能的主带彗星,这是基于随后的发现,它在近日点附近经常活动。根据对历史数据分析,我们估算了核H_g=16.62+/-0.13,H_r=16.12 +/-0.10,H_i=16.05+/-0.11,H_z=15.93+/-0.08的g '-,r'-,i '-和z'-带绝对星等,对应于核颜色g '-r'= 0.50+/-0.16,r '-i'= 0.07+/-0.15,i '-z'= 0.12+/-0.14,V带等效绝对星等为H_V=16.32+/-0.08,核半径r_n=1.6+/-0.2 km(使用V带等效星等p_V=0.054+/-0.012)。同时,我们发现248370活跃时的平均近核彗发颜色为g '-r'= 0.47+/-0.03,r '-i'= 0.10+/-0.04,i '-z'= 0.05+/-0.05,以及类似的平均尘埃尾颜色,表明不存在显著的气体彗发。2016年7月22日,近核尘埃(距核5000 km以内)与核的散射截面之比A_d/A_n=0.7+/-0.3,2021年7月和8月为1.8<A_d/A_n<2.9。在2021年的观测期内,彗发的固有亮度在37天内下降了约0.35等(或约25%),而尘埃尾的表面亮度在同一时期保持不变。来自彗发向阳方向的限制表明,喷出的尘埃颗粒的终极速度非常慢(1微米颗粒约为1 m/s),这表明观测到的尘埃排放可能是由于核的快速旋转降低了有效的逃逸速度。

英文摘要:

We report results from new and archival observations of the newly discovered active asteroid (248370) 2005 QN_137, which has been determined to be a likely main-belt comet based on a subsequent discovery that it is recurrently active near perihelion. From archival data analysis, we estimate g'-, r'-, i'-, and z'-band absolute magnitudes for the nucleus of H_g=16.62+/-0.13, H_r=16.12+/-0.10, H_i=16.05+/-0.11, and H_z=15.93+/-0.08, corresponding to nucleus colors of g'-r'=0.50+/-0.16, r'-i'=0.07+/-0.15, and i'-z'=0.12+/-0.14, an equivalent V-band absolute magnitude of H_V=16.32+/-0.08, and a nucleus radius of r_n=1.6+/-0.2 km (using a V-band albedo of p_V=0.054+/-0.012). Meanwhile, we find mean near-nucleus coma colors when 248370 was active of g'-r'=0.47+/-0.03, r'-i'=0.10+/-0.04, and i'-z'=0.05+/-0.05, and similar mean dust tail colors, suggesting that no significant gas coma is present. We find approximate ratios between the scattering cross-sections of near-nucleus dust (within 5000 km of the nucleus) and the nucleus of A_d/A_n=0.7+/-0.3 on 2016 July 22, and 1.8<A_d/A_n<2.9 in 2021 July and August. During the 2021 observation period, the coma declined in intrinsic brightness by ~0.35 mag (or ~25%) in 37 days, while the surface brightness of the dust tail remained effectively constant over the same period. Constraints derived from the sunward extent of the coma suggest that terminal velocities of ejected dust grains are extremely slow (~1 m/s for 1 micron particles), indicating that the observed dust emission may have been aided by rapid rotation of the nucleus lowering the effective escape velocity.

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