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arXiv 2401.03093cs.AIq-bio.PE
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XXAI:迈向显式可解释人工智能

XXAI: Towards eXplicitly eXplainable Artificial Intelligence

Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences(俄罗斯科学院细胞生物物理研究所);Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences(俄罗斯科学院理论与实验生物物理研究所)

V. L. Kalmykov, L. V. Kalmykov

AI总结:

针对亚符号神经网络AI的黑箱问题,提出基于确定性逻辑元胞自动机、规则源自领域第一性原理的白箱XXAI,可验证神经网络方案的可靠性等,已通过生态学假设验证并具备发展前景。

摘要:

基于亚符号神经网络的人工智能(AI)的决策无法被显式解释,其可靠性与安全性引发了担忧,这便是现代AI的黑箱问题。与此同时,符号AI具有白箱属性,能够保障其决策的可靠性与安全性,但若干问题阻碍了符号AI的广泛应用:数学模型与自然语言术语的不透明性、统一本体的缺失,以及搜索能力的组合爆炸问题。为解决AI的黑箱问题,我们提出显式可解释AI(eXplicitly eXplainable AI,XXAI)——一种基于确定性逻辑元胞自动机的完全透明白箱AI,其规则源自相关领域通用理论的第一性原理。在此框架中,领域通用理论充当知识库的角色,用于推导元胞自动机的推理结果。元胞自动机可在所有组织层级实现并行多级逻辑推理——覆盖从元件基础的局部交互到整个系统的全部层级。我们对多项生态学假设的验证,为该方案的成功落地开创了先例。XXAI能够在最终阶段与训练阶段,自动验证亚符号神经网络解决方案的可靠性、安全性与伦理合规性。本文中,我们展示了XXAI成功落地的多个先例、其进一步发展的理论与方法论基础,并对未来前景展开了讨论。

英文摘要:

There are concerns about the reliability and safety of artificial intelligence (AI) based on sub-symbolic neural networks because its decisions cannot be explained explicitly. This is the black box problem of modern AI. At the same time, symbolic AI has the nature of a white box and is able to ensure the reliability and safety of its decisions. However, several problems prevent the widespread use of symbolic AI: the opacity of mathematical models and natural language terms, the lack of a unified ontology, and the combinatorial explosion of search capabilities. To solve the black-box problem of AI, we propose eXplicitly eXplainable AI (XXAI) - a fully transparent white-box AI based on deterministic logical cellular automata whose rules are derived from the first principles of the general theory of the relevant domain. In this case, the general theory of the domain plays the role of a knowledge base for deriving the inferences of the cellular automata. A cellular automaton implements parallel multi-level logical inference at all levels of organization - from local interactions of the element base to the system as a whole. Our verification of several ecological hypotheses sets a precedent for the successful implementation of the proposed solution. XXAI is able to automatically verify the reliability, security and ethics of sub-symbolic neural network solutions in both the final and training phases. In this article, we present precedents for the successful implementation of XXAI, the theoretical and methodological foundations for its further development, and discuss prospects for the future.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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