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arXiv 2310.17907cond-mat.mes-hall
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石墨烯与过渡金属硫族化物异质结构中扭曲与栅极可调的邻近自旋轨道耦合、自旋弛豫各向异性及电荷-自旋转换

Twist- and gate-tunable proximity spin-orbit coupling, spin relaxation anisotropy, and charge-to-spin conversion in heterostructures of graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides

Klaus Zollner, Simão M. João, Branislav K. Nikolić, Jaroslav Fabian

AI总结:

本研究基于DFT方法揭示了石墨烯/TMDC异质结构中邻近自旋轨道耦合的扭曲角与栅极可调性,并计算出高达10^4的自旋寿命各向异性及扭曲可调的电荷-自旋转换效率。

摘要:

我们提出了一项基于DFT的关于石墨烯/TMDC结构中依赖于扭曲角的邻近自旋轨道耦合(SOC)的研究。我们发现,对于基于Mo的TMDC,邻近谷塞曼SOC在约15-20°处达到最大值,并在30°时消失;而对于基于W的TMDC,我们发现当扭曲角从0°变到30°时,邻近谷塞曼SOC几乎呈线性下降。诱导的Rashba SOC对扭曲相当不敏感,但在扭曲角不同于0°和30°时会获得非零的Rashba相位角φ∈[-20, 40]°。这一发现与早期紧束缚预测中该系统Rashba角可达90°的结论相矛盾。此外,我们研究了在选定扭曲角下几种可调旋钮对邻近SOC的影响。在±2 V/nm范围内施加横向电场,主要可使Rashba SOC被调节约50%。层间距离提供了巨大的可调性,因为当距离减小约10%时,邻近SOC可增加2-3倍。将石墨烯封装在两层TMDC之间时,两个扭曲角对于控制单个邻近SOC的干涉都很重要,从而能够精确调控石墨烯中的谷塞曼SOC,同时Rashba SOC受到抑制。最后,基于带有拟合参数的有效哈密顿量,我们计算了实验上可测量的量,如自旋寿命各向异性和电荷-自旋转换效率。在封装结构中,自旋寿命各向异性可以变得巨大,最高可达10^4。由自旋霍尔效应和Rashba-Edelstein效应引起的电荷-自旋转换,能够产生垂直和平行于所施加电荷电流的扭曲可调非平衡自旋密度极化。

英文摘要:

We present a DFT-based investigation of the twist-angle dependent proximity spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in graphene/TMDC structures. We find that for Mo-based TMDCs the proximity valley-Zeeman SOC exhibits a maximum at around 15--20°, and vanishes at 30°, while for W-based TMDCs we find an almost linear decrease of proximity valley-Zeeman SOC when twisting from 0° to 30°. The induced Rashba SOC is rather insensitive to twisting, while acquiring a nonzero Rashba phase angle, $φ\in [-20;40]$°, for twist angles different from 0° and 30°. This finding contradicts earlier tight-binding predictions that the Rashba angle can be 90° in the studied systems. In addition, we study the influence of several tunability knobs on the proximity SOC for selected twist angles. By applying a transverse electric field in the limits of $\pm 2$ V/nm, mainly the Rashba SOC can be tuned by about 50\%. The interlayer distance provides a giant tunability, since the proximity SOC can be increased by a factor of 2--3, when reducing the distance by about 10\%. Encapsulating graphene between two TMDCs, both twist angles are important to control the interference of the individual proximity SOCs, allowing to precisely tailor the valley-Zeeman SOC in graphene, while the Rashba SOC becomes suppressed. Finally, based on our effective Hamiltonians with fitted parameters, we calculate experimentally measurable quantities such as spin lifetime anisotropy and charge-to-spin conversion efficiencies. The spin lifetime anisotropy can become giant, up to $10^4$, in encapsulated structures. The charge-to-spin conversion, which is due to spin-Hall and Rashba-Edelstein effects, can lead to twist-tunable non-equilibrium spin-density polarizations that are perpendicular and parallel to the applied charge current.

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