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arXiv 2310.13634cond-mat.mes-hall
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量子纳米线网络中马约拉纳零模交换的优化

Optimising the exchange of Majorana zero modes in a quantum nanowire network

Tomasz Maciazek, Mia Conlon

AI总结:

本文利用深度学习与梯度下降优化p波超导纳米线网络中马约拉纳零模的有限时间交换协议,发现零模在结点前必须停止,并揭示无序理解可将量子门保真度提升一到两个数量级。

摘要:

确定马约拉纳零模交换过程中的最优控制协议是实现拓扑量子计算机的关键一步。本文研究了由耦合的p波超导一维纳米线构成的网络中马约拉纳零模的有限时间交换过程。我们提供了可扩展的计算工具,依靠深度学习技术来优化这种交换过程。为了实现可扩展性,我们推导并实现了一个量子不保真度的梯度解析公式,该不保真度度量了马约拉纳零模交换中拓扑量子门生成的误差。我们的优化策略依靠通过神经网络学习优化后的输运协议,随后进行直接梯度下降微调。在超绝热区域中优化得到的交换协议发现了一个事实:马约拉纳零模在穿过网络中的结点之前必须停止。我们解释这是由于每当一个马约拉纳零模接近结点时,系统能隙会发生快速变化所致。特别是,能隙表现出振荡,随后出现一个急剧跳变。我们在马约拉纳零模完全局域化的区域中解析地解释了这一现象。最后,我们研究了量子纳米线中的无序如何影响交换协议。结果表明,理解无序模式将允许人们将量子门保真度提高一到两个数量级。

英文摘要:

Determination of optimal control protocols for Majorana zero modes during their exchange is a crucial step towards the realisation of the topological quantum computer. In this paper, we study the finite-time exchange process of Majorana zero modes on a network formed by coupled p-wave superconducting one-dimensional nanowires. We provide scalable computational tools for optimising such an exchange process relying on deep learning techniques. To accomplish the scalability, we derive and implement an analytic formula for the gradient of the quantum infidelity which measures the error in the topological quantum gate generation in the Majorana zero modes exchange. Our optimisation strategy relies on learning the optimised transport protocol via a neural net which is followed by direct gradient descent fine tuning. The optimised exchange protocols in the super-adiabatic regime discover the fact that the Majorana zero modes must necessarily stop before crossing a junction point in the network. We explain that this is caused by fast changes in the energy gap of the system whenever one of the Majorana zero modes approaches a junction point. In particular, the energy gap exhibits oscillations followed by a sharp jump. We explain this phenomenon analytically in the regime where the Majorana zero modes are completely localised. Finally, we study how the disorder in the quantum nanowire affects the exchange protocols. This shows that understanding the disorder pattern would allow one to improve quantum gate fidelity by one to two orders of magnitude.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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