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arXiv 2306.04863gr-qc
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真空衰变动力学的量子主方程

Quantum master equation for the vacuum decay dynamics

Hong Wang, Jin Wang

AI总结:

该研究将时空视为环境、标量场真空视为系统,提出用 Redfield 方程描述真空衰变量子动力学,解释退相干、非 Markov 行为及稳态真空选择。

摘要:

描述与引力相关的真空衰变动力学所需的量子主方程仍然具有挑战性。我们旨在研究这一问题。我们的模型由时空和具有自相互作用势的标量场组成。环境被选为时空,而系统则由标量场的真空构成。我们证明,真空的量子动力学可以用 Redfield 方程描述,该方程能够刻画相干性以及真空的共动体积分数的演化。在 Markov 极限下,相干性随时间单调下降,导致初始量子态退相干为经典态。这有助于理解宇宙的退相干。我们还强调,在某些情况下,真空系统的演化可能表现出非 Markov 动力学。在特定情形下,量子主方程的经典极限与经典主方程相一致。在稳态下,主导真空对应于最小的宇宙学常数,并且各种 dS 真空可以达到平衡态。

英文摘要:

The quantum master equation required to describe the dynamics of gravity-related vacuum decay is still challenging. We aim to study this issue. Our model consists of the spacetime and scalar field with self-interaction potential. The environment is chosen as spacetime while the system is formed by the vacua of the scalar field. We demonstrate that the quantum dynamics of the vacua can be described by the Redfield equation, which can depict the evolution of both coherence and the comoving volume fraction of the vacuum. Under the Markovian limit, coherence monotonically decreases with time, leading to the initial quantum state to decohere into a classical state. This helps the understanding of the decoherence of the universe. We also highlight that in certain circumstances, the evolution of the vacuum system may display non-Markovian dynamics. In specific scenarios, the classical limit of the quantum master equation is consistent with the classical master equation. In the steady state, the dominant vacuum corresponds to the smallest cosmological constant, and various dS vacua can reach equilibrium states.

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