Stroke is one of two main causes of death worldwide. Many individuals suffer from ischemic stroke every year. Only in US more over 700,000 individuals meet ischemic stroke due to blood clot blocking an artery to the brain every year. The paper describes particular approach how to apply Artificial Intelligence for purposes of separating two major acute ischemic stroke (AIS) etiology subtypes: cardiac and large artery atherosclerosis. Four deep neural network architectures and simple ensemble method are used in the approach.
Oregon Health and Science University（俄勒冈健康与科学大学）；Doernbecher Children's Hospital（多恩贝彻儿童医院）；Bar-Ilan University（巴伊兰大学）
Clot formation is a common complication in extracorporeal circuits. In this paper we describe a novel method for clot formation analysis using image processing. We assembled a closed extracorporeal circuit and circulated blood at varying speeds. Blood filters were placed in downstream of the flow, and clotting agents were added to the circuit. Digital images of the filter were subsequently taken, and image analysis was applied to calculate the density of the clot. Our results show a significant correlation between the cumulative size of the clots, the density measure of the clot based on image…
Deaths and injuries are common in road accidents, violence, and natural disaster. In such cases, one of the main tasks of responders is to retrieve the identity of the victims to reunite families and ensure proper identification of deceased/ injured individuals. Apart from this, identification of unidentified dead bodies due to violence and accidents is crucial for the police investigation. In the absence of identification cards, current practices for this task include DNA profiling and dental profiling. Face is one of the most commonly used and widely accepted biometric modalities for recogni…
Collateral circulation results from specialized anastomotic channels which are capable of providing oxygenated blood to regions with compromised blood flow caused by ischemic injuries. The quality of collateral circulation has been established as a key factor in determining the likelihood of a favorable clinical outcome and goes a long way to determine the choice of stroke care model - that is the decision to transport or treat eligible patients immediately. Though there exist several imaging methods and grading criteria for quantifying collateral blood flow, the actual grading is mostly done …
Christian Medical College Ludhiana（卢迪亚纳基督教医学院）；Pacific Neuroscience Institute（太平洋神经科学研究所）
A stroke occurs when an artery in the brain ruptures and bleeds or when the blood supply to the brain is cut off. Blood and oxygen cannot reach the brain's tissues due to the rupture or obstruction resulting in tissue death. The Middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the largest cerebral artery and the most commonly damaged vessel in stroke. The quick onset of a focused neurological deficit caused by interruption of blood flow in the territory supplied by the MCA is known as an MCA stroke. Alberta stroke programme early CT score (ASPECTS) is used to estimate the extent of early ischemic changes in pa…
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；NIT, Tiruchirappalli（蒂鲁吉拉伯利国家技术学院）
Ischemic stroke occurs through a blockage of clogged blood vessels supplying blood to the brain. Segmentation of the stroke lesion is vital to improve diagnosis, outcome assessment and treatment planning. In this work, we propose a segmentation model with adversarial learning for ischemic lesion segmentation. We adopt U-Net with skip connection and dropout as segmentation baseline network and a fully connected network (FCN) as discriminator network. Discriminator network consists of 5 convolution layers followed by leaky-ReLU and an upsampling layer to rescale the output to the size of the inp…
Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology（托马斯·杰斐逊科学技术高中）
According to the WHO, Cerebrovascular Stroke, or CS, is the second largest cause of death worldwide. Current diagnosis of CS relies on labor and cost intensive neuroimaging techniques, unsuitable for areas with inadequate access to quality medical facilities. Thus, there is a great need for an efficient diagnosis alternative. StrokeSave is a platform for users to self-diagnose for prevalence to stroke. The mobile app is continuously updated with heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen data from sensors on the patient wrist. Once these measurements reach a threshold for possible stroke, th…
CT perfusion (CTP) has been used to triage ischemic stroke patients in the early stage, because of its speed, availability, and lack of contraindications. Perfusion parameters including cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time (MTT) and time of peak (Tmax) could also be computed from CTP data. However, CTP data or the perfusion parameters, are ambiguous to locate the infarct core or tissue at risk (penumbra), which is normally confirmed by the follow-up Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) or perfusion diffusion mismatch. In this paper, we propose a novel generativ…
A Patient-Specific Pulmonary Arterial Tree Digital Twin to Extract Pulmonary Embolism Biomarkers
Univ Lyon, INSA‐Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294（里昂大学、里昂国立应用科学学院、 Claude Bernard 里昂大学、 UJM-圣艾蒂安、 CNRS、 Inserm、 CREATIS UMR 5220、 U1294）；Department of Radiology, CHU Saint-Etienne, UJM Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France（放射科、圣艾蒂安大学医院、 UJM-圣艾蒂安、圣艾蒂安、法国）；IUF, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris（IUF、法国国家科学院、巴黎）
Indian institute of Science（印度科学研究所）；College of Engineering, Trivandrum（特里凡得琅工程学院）
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke is the rapid loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. Statistically, stroke is the second leading cause of death. This has motivated us to suggest a two-tier system for predicting stroke; the first tier makes use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict the chances of a person suffering from stroke. The ANN is trained the using the values of various risk factors of stroke of several patients who had stroke. Once a person is classified as having a high risk of stroke, s/he undergoes another the tier-2 classificatio…
Simulation-Based Segmentation of Blood Vessels in Cerebral 3D OCTA Images
University of Zurich（苏黎世大学）；ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Imperial College London（伦敦帝国学院）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；University Hospital Zurich（苏黎世大学医院）；Toronto Western Hospital（多伦多西部医院）；Krembil Research Institute（克雷比尔研究所）
J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek（奥西耶克J.J.斯特罗斯马耶大学）；Ghent University（根特大学）；imec（比利时微电子研究中心）
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiovascular disease identified as one of the main risk factors for stroke. The majority of strokes due to AF are caused by clots originating in the left atrial appendage (LAA). LAA occlusion is an effective procedure for reducing stroke risk. Planning the procedure using pre-procedural imaging and analysis has shown benefits. The analysis is commonly done by manually segmenting the appendage on 2D slices. Automatic LAA segmentation methods could save an expert's time and provide insightful 3D visualizations and accurate automatic measurements to aid in medical …
Framework to generate perfusion map from CT and CTA images in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A longitudinal and cross-sectional study
School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London（伦敦国王学院生物医学工程与影像科学学院）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；Inselspital, Bern University Hospital（伯尔尼大学医院因塞尔spital）；King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust（国王学院医院NHS基金会信托）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）
University of Alberta（阿尔伯塔大学）；Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute（阿尔伯塔机器智能研究所）
As one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide, Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) occurs when the blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted because of a blocked artery. Within seconds of AIS onset, the brain cells surrounding the blocked artery die, which leads to the progression of the lesion. The automated and precise prediction of the existing lesion plays a vital role in the AIS treatment planning and prevention of further injuries. The current standard AIS assessment method, which thresholds the 3D measurement maps extracted from Computed Tomography Perfusion (CTP) i…
Existing methods to reconstruct vascular structures from a computed tomography (CT) angiogram rely on injection of intravenous contrast to enhance the radio-density within the vessel lumen. However, pathological changes can be present in the blood lumen, vessel wall or a combination of both that prevent accurate reconstruction. In the example of aortic aneurysmal disease, a blood clot or thrombus adherent to the aortic wall within the expanding aneurysmal sac is present in 70-80% of cases. These deformations prevent the automatic extraction of vital clinically relevant information by current m…
Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；Mayo Clinic（梅奥诊所）
Pulmonary embolism (PE) represents a thrombus ("blood clot"), usually originating from a lower extremity vein, that travels to the blood vessels in the lung, causing vascular obstruction and in some patients, death. This disorder is commonly diagnosed using CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Deep learning holds great promise for the computer-aided CTPA diagnosis (CAD) of PE. However, numerous competing methods for a given task in the deep learning literature exist, causing great confusion regarding the development of a CAD PE system. To address this confusion, we present a comprehensive analysis…
Robot-Assisted Deep Venous Thrombosis Ultrasound Examination using Virtual Fixture
Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality (CAMP), Technical University of Munich (TUM)（慕尼黑工业大学计算机辅助医疗程序与增强现实主席（CAMP））；Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England（西英格兰大学布里斯托尔机器人实验室）；College of Biosystems of Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University（浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院）；Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen（慕尼黑亥姆霍兹中心生物医学影像研究所）；Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, rechts der Isar University Hospital, Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学伊斯河畔大学医院血管与血管外科）
Quantitative perfusion maps using a novelty spatiotemporal convolutional neural network
School of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University（深圳大学应用技术学院）；College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University（深圳技术大学健康科学与环境工程学院）；Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学生物医学工程系）；Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学扎克曼研究所）；College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University（东北大学医学与生物信息工程学院）；School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University（深圳大学医学院生物医学工程学院）；Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine（同济大学医学院附属上海市第四人民医院）
Physiology-Informed Generative Multi-Task Network for Contrast-Free CT Perfusion
J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida（朱·克雷顿·普瑞特生物医学工程系，佛罗里达大学）；Department of Radiology, University of Florida（放射医学系，佛罗里达大学）；Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Florida（数学与统计学系，佛罗里达大学）；Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida（生物统计学系，佛罗里达大学）；Department of Neurology, University of Florida（神经医学系，佛罗里达大学）；Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research（费因斯医学研究所）；Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell（霍夫斯特拉北威尔医学学院放射医学系）；Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida（认知衰老与记忆中心，麦金托什脑研究所，佛罗里达大学）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida（电气与计算机工程系，佛罗里达大学）
Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；GE Healthcare（通用电气医疗集团）；University of California Riverside（加州大学河滨分校）；National Taiwan University（台湾大学）
Accurate quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is essential for the diagnosis and assessment of cerebrovascular diseases such as Moyamoya, carotid stenosis, aneurysms, and stroke. Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently regarded as the gold standard for the measurement of CBF in the human brain. PET imaging, however, is not widely available because of its prohibitive costs, use of ionizing radiation, and logistical challenges, which require a co-localized cyclotron to deliver the 2 min half-life Oxygen-15 radioisotope. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in contrast, is more readil…
