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arXiv 2304.12992cs.DSmath.OC
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利用单商品技术实现更快的高精度多商品流

Faster High Accuracy Multi-Commodity Flow from Single-Commodity Techniques

Jan van den Brand, Daniel Zhang

AI总结:

本文将单商品流中的expander decomposition图数据结构用于多商品流,首次在不依赖通用LP求解器改进的情况下提升非稀疏图上的高精度求解复杂度。

摘要:

自20世纪80年代高效线性规划求解器发展以来,高精度求解多商品流的所有重大改进都来自通用线性规划求解器的改进。这不同于单商品问题(例如最大流),后者近期的所有改进还依赖于图特定技术,如图分解或Laplacian范式(参见例如[CMSV17,KLS20,BLL+21,CKL+22])。这一现象激发了研究,以理解为什么这些图技术不太可能对多商品流有所帮助。[Kyng, Zhang'20]将求解多商品Laplacian归约到通用线性系统,而[Ding, Kyng, Zhang'22]表明通用线性规划可归约为2商品流。然而,这些归约会产生稀疏图实例,因此在更稠密图上对多商品流的改进或许仍然存在。我们证明,确实可以利用来自单商品流算法的图技术来加速非稀疏图上的多商品流算法。这是高精度多商品流算法首次并非仅源于通用线性规划求解器改进的提升。特别地,利用[BLL+21]近期基于著名expander decomposition框架的最小费用流算法中的图数据结构,我们证明,在当前快速矩阵乘法界ω≈2.373下,n个顶点、m条边的图上的2商品流可在\tilde{O}(\sqrt{m}n^{ω-1/2})时间内求解,优于此前最快算法的\tilde{O}(m^ω)[CLS19]和\tilde{O}(\sqrt{m}n^2)[KV96]时间复杂度。对于一般k种商品,我们的算法运行时间为\tilde{O}(k^{2.5}\sqrt{m}n^{ω-1/2})。

英文摘要:

Since the development of efficient linear program solvers in the 80s, all major improvements for solving multi-commodity flows to high accuracy came from improvements to general linear program solvers. This differs from the single commodity problem (e.g.~maximum flow) where all recent improvements also rely on graph specific techniques such as graph decompositions or the Laplacian paradigm (see e.g.~[CMSV17,KLS20,BLL+21,CKL+22]). This phenomenon sparked research to understand why these graph techniques are unlikely to help for multi-commodity flow. [Kyng, Zhang'20] reduced solving multi-commodity Laplacians to general linear systems and [Ding, Kyng, Zhang'22] showed that general linear programs can be reduced to 2-commodity flow. However, the reductions create sparse graph instances, so improvement to multi-commodity flows on denser graphs might exist. We show that one can indeed speed up multi-commodity flow algorithms on non-sparse graphs using graph techniques from single-commodity flow algorithms. This is the first improvement to high accuracy multi-commodity flow algorithms that does not just stem from improvements to general linear program solvers. In particular, using graph data structures from recent min-cost flow algorithm by [BLL+21] based on the celebrated expander decomposition framework, we show that 2-commodity flow on an $n$-vertex $m$-edge graph can be solved in $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{m}n^{ω-1/2})$ time for current bounds on fast matrix multiplication $ω\approx 2.373$, improving upon the previous fastest algorithms with $\tilde{O}(m^ω)$ [CLS19] and $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{m}n^2)$ [KV96] time complexity. For general $k$ commodities, our algorithm runs in $\tilde{O}(k^{2.5}\sqrt{m}n^{ω-1/2})$ time.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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