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arXiv 2304.09641astro-ph.GA
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利用叠加技术沿多条视线探测银河系星系周介质中的超维里热成分

Detection of a Super-Virial Hot Component in the Milky Way Circumgalactic Medium Along Multiple Sight-Lines by Using the Stacking Technique

Armando Lara-DI, Smita Mathur, Yair Krongold, Sanskriti Das, Anjali Gupta

AI总结:

本研究利用 Chandra 多条视线的高分辨率光谱叠加,在4–8 Å范围高显著性探测到银河系 CGM 的超维里热相,并表明其可能遍布整个银晕。

摘要:

研究银河系星系周介质(CGM)中难以捉摸的热成分($T \gtrsim 10^7$ K)是理解银河系形成与演化的一个新课题。在本工作中,我们使用叠加技术,结合 Chandra ACIS-S HETG 的46条视线(总曝光时间超过10 Ms)以及 ACIS-S LETG 观测的9条视线(总曝光时间超过1 Ms),以吸收方式研究源自 CGM 超维里温度相的高电离金属的存在。聚焦于 $4-8$ $Å$ 光谱范围,我们能够以高显著性确认这一热相的存在。我们在本星系静止坐标系中探测到 Si XIV K$α$ 跃迁(总显著性为6.0$σ$),并首次探测到 S XVI K 跃迁(总显著性为4.8$σ$)。对于 S XVI K$α$,我们得到柱密度为 $1.50^{+0.44}_{-0.38} \times 10^{16} \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$。对于 Si XIV K$α$,我们测得柱密度为 $0.87\pm0.16 \times 10^{16} \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$。本工作使用的视线遍布天空,探测 CGM 中相距很远的区域。因此,我们的结果表明,这一新发现的热介质延伸至整个晕,而不仅仅与 Galactic Bubbles 相关。然而,热气体的位置、分布和覆盖因子仍然未知。该成分可能对银河系中缺失的重子和金属有显著贡献。

英文摘要:

The study of the elusive hot component ($T \gtrsim 10^7$ K) of the Milky Way circumgalactic medium (CGM) is a novel topic to understand Galactic formation and evolution. In this work, we use the stacking technique through 46 lines of sight with Chandra ACIS-S HETG totaling over 10Ms of exposure time and 9 lines of sight with ACIS-S LETG observations totaling over 1Ms of exposure time, to study in absorption the presence of highly ionized metals arising from the super-virial temperature phase of the CGM. Focusing in the spectral range $4 - 8$ $Å$, we were able to confirm the presence of this hot phase with high significance. We detected transitions of Si XIV K$α$ (with total significance of 6.0$σ$) and, for the first time, SXVI K (total significance 4.8$σ$) in the rest frame of our own Galaxy. For S XVI K$α$ we found a column density of $1.50^{+0.44}_{-0.38} \times 10^{16} \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$. For Si XIV K$α$ we measured a column density of $0.87\pm{0.16} \times 10^{16} \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$. The lines of sight used in this work are spread across the sky, probing widely separated regions of the CGM. Therefore, our results indicate that this newly discovered hot medium extends throughout the halo, and is not related only to the Galactic Bubbles. The hot gas location, distribution, and covering factor, however, remain unknown. This component might contribute significantly to the missing baryons and metals in the Milky Way.

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