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arXiv 2303.12409astro-ph.EP
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一批带有天体测量数据的径向速度系外行星的质量

The Masses of a Sample of Radial-Velocity Exoplanets with Astrometric Measurements

Guang-Yao Xiao, Yu-Juan Liu, Huan-Yu Teng, Wei Wang, Timothy D. Brandt, Gang Zhao, Fei Zhao, Meng Zhai, Qi Gao

AI总结:

本研究结合径向速度数据与HGCA天体测量数据,利用orvara工具对115颗亚恒星伴星进行轨道拟合以约束质量,发现部分行星与褐矮星分类需重新界定,并证实伴星质量与形成机制间存在转变。

摘要:

作为天文对象最基本的物理参数之一,质量在系外行星的研究中扮演着至关重要的角色,涉及其温度结构、化学组成、形成与演化。然而,近四分之一已知的确认系外行星缺乏质量测量。对于通过径向速度(RV)技术发现的行星,这一情况尤为严重,因为仅靠该技术只能得出行星的最小质量。在本研究中,我们利用已发表的RV数据,结合来自交叉校准的Hipparcos-Gaia加速度星表(HGCA)的天体测量数据,通过使用公开工具\texttt{orvara}进行完整轨道拟合,联合约束了115颗RV探测到的亚恒星伴星的质量。其中,9颗满足$M_{\rm p}\\,{\rm sin}\\,i<13.5\\ M_{\rm Jup}$的系外行星被重新分类至褐矮星(BD)区域,而16个满足$13.5\leqslant M_{\rm p}\\,{\rm sin}\\,i<80\\,M_{\rm Jup}$的BD候选体实际上是低质量M型矮星。我们指出,在宿主恒星金属丰度和轨道偏心率相对于行星质量的分布中,BD区域存在一个转变。我们证实了先前的发现,即质量低于$42.5\\ M_{\rm Jup}$的伴星可能主要通过核心吸积或盘引力不稳定性在原行星盘中形成,而质量高于$42.5\\ M_{\rm Jup}$的伴星则像恒星一样通过分子云的引力不稳定性形成。我们讨论了可能在一定程度上影响我们分析的选择效应和探测偏差。

英文摘要:

Being one of the most fundamental physical parameter of astronomical objects, mass plays a vital role in the study of exoplanets, including their temperature structure, chemical composition, formation, and evolution. However, nearly a quarter of the known confirmed exoplanets lack measurements of their masses. This is particularly severe for those discovered via the radial-velocity (RV) technique, which alone could only yield the minimum mass of planets. In this study, we use published RV data combined with astrometric data from a cross-calibrated Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations (HGCA) to jointly constrain the masses of 115 RV-detected substellar companions, by conducting full orbital fits using the public tool \texttt{orvara}. Among them, 9 exoplanets with $M_{\rm p}\,{\rm sin}\,i<13.5\ M_{\rm Jup}$ are reclassified to the brown dwarf (BD) regime, and 16 BD candidates ($13.5\leqslant M_{\rm p}\,{\rm sin}\,i<80\,M_{\rm Jup}$) turn out to be low-mass M dwarfs. We point out the presence of a transition in the BD regime as seen in the distributions of host star metallicity and orbital eccentricity with respect to planet masses. We confirm the previous findings that companions with masses below $42.5\ M_{\rm Jup}$ might primarily form in the protoplanetary disc through core accretion or disc gravitational instability, while those with masses above $42.5\ M_{\rm Jup}$ formed through the gravitational instability of molecular cloud like stars. Selection effects and detection biases which may affect our analysis to some extent, are discussed.

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