VIBES：用SPHERE观测双星系外行星宽S行星和S-BD频率的上限、三重系统的发现以及20颗恒星双星和三个三重系统的天体测量确认
VIBES: VIsual Binary Exoplanet survey with SPHERE Upper limits on wide S-planet and S-BD frequencies, triple system discovery, and astrometric confirmation of 20 stellar binaries and three triple systems
摘要：
最近的调查表明，双星系统中的行星比以前认为的更丰富，这与双星系统中的圆盘动力学和行星形成的理论工作相一致。为了测量双星系统中宽轨道巨型系外行星的丰度和物理特征，我们设计了“带球体的可视双星系外行星巡天”（VIBES），以搜索可视双星中的行星。它使用VLT的SPHERE仪器在23个目视双星系统和4个目视三元系统中搜索年龄<1.45亿年，距离<150 pc的行星。我们使用SPHERE上的IRDIS双波段成像仪获取样本目标的高对比度图像。对于每一个联星，两个组成部分都是同时被观测到的，日冕物质只遮蔽了主星。对于三星，紧密的组件被视为一个单一的明星，以减少数据。这使我们能够有效地寻找同伴周围的50个单独的恒星在双星和四个双星在三倍。我们推导出可见双星中主星周围的亚恒星伴星出现频率的上限为$<$ 13.7\%，可见双星中主星周围的亚恒星伴星出现频率的上限为$<$ 26.5\%，可见双星中任一组成部分周围的巨行星和棕矮星出现频率的上限为$<$ 9.0\%.我们已经结合我们的观察与文献测量天体测量确认，第一次，20个双星和两个三重系统，这是以前已知的，确实是物理约束。最后，我们发现了二进制HD~121336的第三个组件。我们得到的上限与双星中通过核吸积和引力不稳定过程形成行星形成的情况是一致的。这些限制也符合单星和环双星行星搜索调查的限制。
英文摘要：
Recent surveys indicate that planets in binary systems are more abundant than previously thought, which is in agreement with theoretical work on disc dynamics and planet formation in binaries. In order to measure the abundance and physical characteristics of wide-orbit giant exoplanets in binary systems, we have designed the 'VIsual Binary Exoplanet survey with Sphere' (VIBES) to search for planets in visual binaries. It uses the SPHERE instrument at VLT to search for planets in 23 visual binary and four visual triple systems with ages of <145 Myr and distances of <150 pc. We used the IRDIS dual-band imager on SPHERE to acquire high-contrast images of the sample targets. For each binary, the two components were observed at the same time with a coronagraph masking only the primary star. For the triple star, the tight components were treated as a single star for data reduction. This enabled us to effectively search for companions around 50 individual stars in binaries and four binaries in triples. We derived upper limits of $<$13.7\% for the frequency of sub-stellar companions around primaries in visual binaries, $<$26.5\% for the fraction of sub-stellar companions around secondaries in visual binaries, and an occurrence rate of $<$9.0\% for giant planets and brown dwarfs around either component of visual binaries. We have combined our observations with literature measurements to astrometrically confirm, for the first time, that 20 binaries and two triple systems, which were previously known, are indeed physically bound. Finally, we discovered a third component of the binary HD~121336. The upper limits we derived are compatible with planet formation through the core accretion and the gravitational instability processes in binaries. These limits are also in line with limits found for single star and circumbinary planet search surveys.
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