语言产生研究中的图片-单词干扰：探索注意力和处理时间的作用
Picture-word interference in language production studies: Exploring the roles of attention and processing times
摘要：
图片-单词干扰范式（参与者命名目标图片而忽略干扰词）通常用于模拟单词产生中涉及的规划过程。在干扰物（一般干扰）的存在下，参与者的命名时间被延迟。这种效应的大小取决于目标词和干扰词之间的关系。相同语义类别的干扰词产生更多的干扰（语义干扰），在语音上重叠的干扰词产生较少的干扰（语音促进）。本研究探讨了这些实验效果，加工时间和注意力之间的关系，以更好地理解认知过程的基础上，参与者的行为在这个范式。参与者命名的图片与叠加线的X，语义相关的干扰，语音相关的干扰，或无关的干扰。一般干扰，语义干扰和语音促进效果复制。分布分析表明，一般和语义干扰效果增加命名次数，而语音促进减少。语音易化和语义干扰效应依赖于图片名称的规划和干扰词的加工时间的同步性。最后，在刺激发作前的α波段的EEG功率随实验中的试验位置和重复而变化，但不能预测干扰或促进效应的大小。综上所述，这些结果表明，在图片-单词干扰范式的实验效果依赖于加工时间的目标词和分心词和分布模式可以反映这种依赖性。
英文摘要：
The picture-word interference paradigm (participants name target pictures while ignoring distractor words) is often used to model the planning processes involved in word production. The participants' naming times are delayed in the presence of a distractor (general interference). The size of this effect depends on the relationship between the target and distractor words. Distractors of the same semantic category create more interference (semantic interference), distractors overlapping in phonology create less interference (phonological facilitation). The present study examines the relationships between these experimental effects, processing times, and attention in order to better understand the cognitive processes underlying participants' behavior in this paradigm. Participants named pictures with a superimposed line of Xs, semantically related distractors, phonologically related distractors, or unrelated distractors. General interference, semantic interference, and phonological facilitation effects are replicated. Distributional analyses reveal that general and semantic interference effects increase with naming times, while phonological facilitation decreases. The phonological facilitation and semantic interference effects are found to depend on the synchronicity in processing times between the planning of the picture's name and the processing of the distractor word. Finally, EEG power in the alpha band before stimulus onset varied with the position of the trial in the experiment and with repetition but did not predict the size of interference or facilitation effects. Taken together, these results suggest that experimental effects in the picture-word interference paradigm depend on processing times to both the target word and distractor word and that distributional patterns could party reflect this dependency.
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