图片命名中语义干扰的分布特征：贝叶斯元分析
Distributional properties of semantic interference in picture naming: Bayesian meta-analyses
摘要：
词汇产生的研究通常使用图片命名任务，包括图片词干扰任务。在这个任务中，参与者的名字与叠加干扰词的图片。当干扰词在语义上与图片相关时，他们通常需要更多的时间来命名图片，而不是当它不相关时（语义干扰效应）。本研究通过一系列贝叶斯元分析考察了这种效应的分布特性。语义干扰效应的元分析估计首先表明，该效应存在于整个反应时间分布中，并且在整个分布中增加。其次，我们发现一个参与者的平均语义干扰效果和反应时间分布，这一直被认为是反映参与选择性抑制的命名任务的尾部的效果的变化之间的相关性。最后，我们用模拟数据表明，即使没有抑制来生成数据，这种相关性也会出现，这表明不需要抑制来解释这种关系。
英文摘要：
Studies of word production often make use of picture naming tasks, including the picture word interference task. In this task, participants name pictures with superimposed distractor words. They typically need more time to name pictures when the distractor word is semantically related to the picture than when it is unrelated (the semantic interference effect). The present study examines the distributional properties of this effect in a series of Bayesian meta-analyses. Meta-analytic estimates of the semantic interference effect first show that the effect is present throughout the reaction time distribution and that it increases throughout the distribution. Second, we find a correlation between a participant's mean semantic interference effect and the change in the effect in the tail of the reaction time distribution, which has been argued to reflect the involvement of selective inhibition in the naming task. Finally, we show with simulated data that this correlation emerges even when no inhibition is used to generate the data, which suggests that inhibition is not needed to explain this relationship.
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