当词语发生冲突时：图片-词语干扰范例中干扰物和目标属性的贝叶斯元分析
When words collide: Bayesian meta-analyses of distractor and target properties in the picture-word interference paradigm
摘要：
在图片-单词干扰范式中，参与者命名图片，而忽略了书面或口头干扰词。由于干扰词的存在，图片的重复时间变慢了。干扰物的各种属性调节这种减慢，例如，频繁与不频繁的干扰物的命名时间更短。基于这一研究思路，本研究更详细地探讨了干扰词和目标词属性对图片命名时间的影响。我们报告了基于35个数据集的几个贝叶斯荟萃分析的结果。第一个分析的目的是获得一个估计的干扰频率效应的大小，其精度，在典型的图片-文字干扰实验中，这个变量是不操纵。分析表明，对数频率增加一个单位会导致对图片的响应时间减少约4 ms（95%可信区间：[-6，-2]）。与第二和第三次分析，我们表明，占频率的影响后，两个变量已知的影响视觉文字处理任务中的处理时间也影响图片命名时间：分心物长度和正字法附近。最后，我们发现干扰词词频和目标词词频之间存在交互作用，干扰词词频的影响随着目标词词频的增加而减弱。我们讨论了这些发现的理论和方法的影响，以及获得高精度的实验效果估计的重要性。
英文摘要：
In the picture-word interference paradigm, participants name pictures while ignoring a written or spoken distractor word. Naming times to the pictures are slowed down by the presence of the distractor word. Various properties of the distractor modulate this slow down, for example naming times are shorter with frequent vs. infrequent distractors. Building on this line of research, the present study investigates in more detail the impact of distractor and target word properties on picture naming times. We report the results of several Bayesian meta-analyses, based on 35 datasets. The aim of the first analysis was to obtain an estimation of the size of the distractor frequency effect, and of its precision, in typical picture-word interference experiments where this variable is not manipulated. The analysis shows that a one-unit increase in log frequency results in response times to the pictures decreasing by about 4ms (95% Credible Interval: [-6, -2]). With the second and third analyses, we show that after accounting for the effect of frequency, two variables known to influence processing times in visual word processing tasks also influence picture naming times: distractor length and orthographic neighborhood. Finally, we found that distractor word frequency and target word frequency interact; the effect of distractor frequency decreases as the frequency of the target word increases. We discuss the theoretical and methodological implications of these findings, as well as the importance of obtaining high-precision estimates of experimental effects.
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