arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 2303.04828astro-ph.GA
收藏

棒中平坦轮廓(肩部)的轨道支持与演化

Orbital support and evolution of flat profiles of bars (shoulders)

Leandro Beraldo e Silva, Victor P. Debattista, Stuart R. Anderson, Monica Valluri, Peter Erwin, Kathryne J. Daniel, Nathan Deg

AI总结:

本文通过模拟轨道的频率分析,研究了棒旋星系棒主轴密度轮廓肩部的轨道支持与演化,确认环状 x1 轨道在 ILR 共振处支持肩部,并阐明其演化与棒增长及屈曲过程的关系,支持肩部先于 BP 型凸起出现的观测结论。

摘要:

许多棒旋星系在其棒主轴密度轮廓上表现出上翘(肩部)。模拟研究表明,肩部由环状 x1 轨道支持,出现在增长的棒中,并可在棒屈曲之后出现。我们通过对模拟中轨道的频率分析,研究了肩部的轨道支持与演化。我们确认环状轨道支持肩部,并且在垂直增厚后仍能在较小程度上保持这一特性。我们表明,环状轨道出现在共振 (Ωφ- ΩP)/ΩR=1/2(类似于经典的内林德布拉德共振,此处称为 ILR)处,其垂直与径向频率比为 1 ≲ Ωz/ΩR ≲ 3/2(垂直温轨道)。ILR 处的冷轨道(即 Ωz/ΩR > 3/2 的轨道)垂直较薄且无环状结构,对肩部的贡献可忽略不计。随着棒减速并增厚,无论是通过长期演化还是屈曲过程,它们都会填充 ILR 处的温轨道。进一步增厚使这些轨道趋向于穿越垂直 ILR [vILR, (Ωφ- ΩP)/Ωz=1/2],在此处它们将平面内运动转化为垂直运动,变得混沌、运动学上更热,且对肩部的支持减弱。因此,持续的肩部需要棒捕获新的恒星,这与需要增长的棒相一致。由于屈曲加速了 ILR 处温轨道上的捕获过程,它之后可伴随肩部的形成,正如模拟中所见。这一序列支持了最近的观测发现,即肩部可能先于 BP 型凸起的出现。用于频率分析的 python 模块 naif 已公开发布。

英文摘要:

Many barred galaxies exhibit upturns (shoulders) in their bar major-axis density profile. Simulation studies have suggested that shoulders are supported by looped $x_1$ orbits, occur in growing bars, and can appear after bar-buckling. We investigate the orbital support and evolution of shoulders via frequency analyses of orbits in simulations. We confirm that looped orbits are shoulder-supporting, and can remain so, to a lesser extent, after being vertically thickened. We show that looped orbits appear at the resonance $(Ω_φ- Ω_\mathrm{P})/Ω_R=1/2$ (analogous to the classical Inner Lindblad Resonance, and here called ILR) with vertical-to-radial frequency ratios $1 \lesssimΩ_z/Ω_R \lesssim 3/2$ (vertically warm orbits). Cool orbits at the ILR (those with $Ω_z/Ω_R > 3/2$) are vertically thin and have no loops, contributing negligibly to shoulders. As bars slow and thicken, either secularly or by buckling, they populate warm orbits at the ILR. Further thickening carries these orbits towards crossing the vertical ILR [vILR, $(Ω_φ- Ω_\mathrm{P})/Ω_z=1/2$], where they convert in-plane to vertical motion, become chaotic, kinematically hotter and less shoulder-supporting. Hence, persistent shoulders require bars to trap new stars, consistent with the need for a growing bar. Since buckling speeds up trapping on warm orbits at the ILR, it can be followed by shoulder formation, as seen in simulations. This sequence supports the recent observational finding that shoulders likely precede the emergence of BP-bulges. The python module for the frequency analysis, naif, is made available.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑