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arXiv 2303.00655cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.mes-hall
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无序电子液体的尺度相关理论

Scale-dependent theory of the disordered electron liquid

A. M. Finkel'stein, G. Schwiete

摘要:

本文综述了具有电子-电子相互作用的无序巡游电子的标度理论。我们首先展示了如何调整微观费米液体理论的无序的存在。然后,我们描述了非线性西格玛模型(NLSM)的相互作用(芬克尔斯坦的模型)。这个模型与费米液体密切相关,但更普遍适用,因为它也可以被视为描述无序相互作用电子的最小有效泛函。我们的讨论强调了理论的一般结构以及标度参数与守恒律的联系。然后,我们继续讨论二维和三维无序电子液体中的金属-绝缘体转变(MIT)。这个MIT是量子相变的一个重要例子。NLSM方法允许识别连接空间尺度和能量尺度的动力学指数,这对于在三维中描述MIT的临界区域中的动力学和热力学行为至关重要。在二维中,系统可以根据无序相互作用相平面中的流动来讨论,该流动由固定点控制。我们证明了双参数RG方程精确地描述了Si-MOSFET中的电子,包括所观察到的电阻的非单调行为及其在低温下的强烈下降。该理论也可以应用到系统中的吸引力相互作用的库珀通道,在那里它描述了抑制超导无序非晶薄膜。我们将讨论扩展到二维电子液体中的热输运。与电导率类似,热导率也获得了由电子相互作用和无序引起的对数修正。由此产生的热导率可以在引入所谓的引力势后以NLSM形式计算。

英文摘要:

We review the scaling theory of disordered itinerant electrons with e-e interactions. We first show how to adjust the microscopic Fermi-liquid theory to the presence of disorder. Then we describe the non-linear sigma model (NLSM) with interactions (Finkel'stein's model). This model is closely connected to the Fermi liquid, but is more generally applicable, since it can also be viewed as a minimal effective functional describing disordered interacting electrons. Our discussion emphasizes the general structure of the theory, and the connection of the scaling parameters to conservation laws. We then move on to discuss the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in the disordered electron liquid in two and three dimensions. This MIT is a non-trivial example of a quantum phase transition. The NLSM approach allows to identify the dynamical exponent connecting the spatial and energy scales, which is central for the description of the kinetic and thermodynamic behavior in the critical region of the MIT in three dimensions. In two dimensions, the system can be discussed in terms of a flow in the disorder-interaction phase plane, which is controlled by a fixed point. We demonstrate that the two-parameter RG-equations accurately describe electrons in Si-MOSFETs including the observed non-monotonic behavior of the resistance and its strong drop at low temperatures. The theory can also be applied to systems with an attractive interaction in the Cooper channel, where it describes the suppression of superconductivity in disordered amorphous films. We extend our discussion to heat transport in the two-dimensional electron liquid. Similar to the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity also acquires logarithmic corrections induced by electron interaction and disorder. The resulting thermal conductivity can be calculated in the NLSM formalism after introducing so-called gravitational potentials.

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