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arXiv 2302.12970astro-ph.GA
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OH/CO和HCO+/CO的丰度比作为弥漫云中宇宙射线电离率的探针

Abundance ratios of OH/CO and HCO+/CO as probes of the cosmic ray ionization rate in diffuse clouds

Gan Luo, Zhiyu Zhang, Thomas G. Bisbas, Di Li, Ping Zhou, Ningyu Tang, Junzhi Wang, Pei Zuo, Nannan Yue

AI总结:

本文提出利用OH/CO和HCO+/CO的丰度比作为弥漫云中宇宙射线电离率(CRIR)的替代探针,结合ALMA观测推导了4条视线方向的密度和CRIR,发现CRIR随消光衰减,支持了理论模型。

摘要:

宇宙射线电离率(CRIR,$ζ_2$)是控制分子云中各种分子形成和破坏的关键参数之一。然而,目前最常用的CRIR示踪剂,如H$_3^+$、OH$^+$和H$_2$O$^+$,难以探测,并且需要背景大质量恒星的存在才能进行吸收测量。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种替代方法,利用OH/CO和HCO$^+$/CO的丰度比来推断弥漫云中的CRIR。我们分析了CO、OH和HCO$^+$的化学丰度对弥漫云中星际介质各种环境参数的响应,发现它们的丰度与$ζ_2$成正比。我们的解析表达式对$ζ_2$ $\leq$10$^{-15}$ s$^{-1}$时的OH丰度给出了极好的计算结果,这对于流体动力学模拟中的化学建模具有潜在用途。我们发现OH和HCO$^+$的丰度随着密度的增加而单调递减,而CO的丰度则表现出相反的趋势。利用来自ALMA的CO (1--0)和(2--1)谱线的高灵敏度吸收跃迁,我们推导了4条视线方向(LOSs)的H$_2$数密度($n_{\rm H_2}$);假设动力学温度为$T_{\rm k}=50\,{\rm K}$,我们发现其范围为(0.14$\pm$0.03--1.2$\pm$0.1)$\times$10$^2$ cm$^{-3}$。通过比较观测和模拟的HCO$^+$/CO比值,我们发现弥漫气体样本中的$ζ_2$在$1.0_{-1.0}^{+14.8}$ $\times$10$^{-16}- 2.5_{-2.4}^{+1.4}$ $\times$10$^{-15}$ s$^{-1}$范围内。这比在较高消光处测量的平均值高约2倍,支持了理论模型所建议的宇宙射线衰减现象。

英文摘要:

The cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR, $ζ_2$) is one of the key parameters controlling the formation and destruction of various molecules in molecular clouds. However, the current most commonly used CRIR tracers, such as H$_3^+$, OH$^+$, and H$_2$O$^+$, are hard to detect and require the presence of background massive stars for absorption measurements. In this work, we propose an alternative method to infer the CRIR in diffuse clouds using the abundance ratios of OH/CO and HCO$^+$/CO. We have analyzed the response of chemical abundances of CO, OH, and HCO$^+$ on various environmental parameters of the interstellar medium in diffuse clouds and found that their abundances are proportional to $ζ_2$. Our analytic expressions give an excellent calculation of the abundance of OH for $ζ_2$ $\leq$10$^{-15}$ s$^{-1}$, which are potentially useful for modelling chemistry in hydrodynamical simulations. The abundances of OH and HCO$^+$ were found to monotonically decrease with increasing density, while the CO abundance shows the opposite trend. With high-sensitivity absorption transitions of both CO (1--0) and (2--1) lines from ALMA, we have derived the H$_2$ number densities ($n_{\rm H_2}$) toward 4 line-of-sights (LOSs); assuming a kinetic temperature of $T_{\rm k}=50\,{\rm K}$, we find a range of (0.14$\pm$0.03--1.2$\pm$0.1)$\times$10$^2$ cm$^{-3}$}. By comparing the observed and modelled HCO$^+$/CO ratios, we find that $ζ_2$ in our diffuse gas sample is in the { range of $1.0_{-1.0}^{+14.8}$ $\times$10$^{-16}- 2.5_{-2.4}^{+1.4}$ $\times$10$^{-15}$ s$^{-1}$. This is $\sim$2 times higher than the average value measured at higher extinction, supporting an attenuation of CRs as suggested by theoretical models.

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