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arXiv 2109.06273astro-ph.GA
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中性氢在确定银河系弥漫的星际介质中分子种类丰度中的作用。I. ALMA和NOEMA的观测约束

The role of neutral hydrogen in setting the abundances of molecular species in the Milky Way's diffuse interstellar medium. I. Observational constraints from ALMA and NOEMA

Daniel R. Rybarczyk, Snezana Stanimirovic, Munan Gong, Brian Babler, Claire E. Murray, Maryvonne Gerin, Jan Martin Winters, Gan Luo, T. M. Dame, Lucille Steffes

摘要:

我们已经补充了现有的观测HI吸收与新的观测HCO $^+$,C $_2$ H,HCN和HNC吸收的阿塔卡马大毫米/亚毫米阵列(ALMA)和北部扩展毫米阵列(NOEMA)的方向上的20个背景无线电连续源与$4^\circ \leq |b| \leq 81^\circ$约束的原子气体条件,适合于形成扩散分子气体。我们发现,这些分子物种形成沿视线,其中$A_V \gtrsim 0.25$,与阈值的HI到H $_2$过渡太阳金属丰度一致。此外,我们发现,分子气体只与具有HI光学深度$> 0.1$,自旋温度$< 80$ K,和湍流马赫数$\gtrsim 2$的结构。我们还确定了一个广泛的,微弱的组成部分,以HCO $^+$吸收在大多数的视线。与观察到强窄HCO $^+$吸收的速度相比,在这些速度下的HI具有较低的冷中性介质(CNM)分数和可忽略的CO排放。这里观察到的不同分子种类的相对柱密度和线宽与以前在银河系纬度范围内的实验中观察到的相似,这表明太阳附近的气体和银河系平面中的气体在化学上相似。对于先前观测到的视线的选定样本,我们表明HCO $^+$、HCN、HNC和C $_2$ H的吸收线轮廓在$\sim 3$年和$\sim 25$年的时间段内是稳定的,这可能表明这些方向上的分子气体结构的大小至少为$\gtrsim 100$ AU

英文摘要:

We have complemented existing observations of HI absorption with new observations of HCO$^+$, C$_2$H, HCN, and HNC absorption from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) in the direction of 20 background radio continuum sources with $4^\circ \leq |b| \leq 81^\circ$ to constrain the atomic gas conditions that are suitable for the formation of diffuse molecular gas. We find that these molecular species form along sightlines where $A_V \gtrsim 0.25$, consistent with the threshold for the HI-to-H$_2$ transition at solar metallicity. Moreover, we find that molecular gas is associated only with structures that have an HI optical depth $> 0.1$, a spin temperature $< 80$ K, and a turbulent Mach number $\gtrsim 2$. We also identify a broad, faint component to the HCO$^+$ absorption in a majority of sightlines. Compared to the velocities where strong, narrow HCO$^+$ absorption is observed, the HI at these velocities has a lower cold neutral medium (CNM) fraction and negligible CO emission. The relative column densities and linewidths of the different molecular species observed here are similar to those observed in previous experiments over a range of Galactic latitudes, suggesting that gas in the solar neighborhood and gas in the Galactic plane are chemically similar. For a select sample of previously-observed sightlines, we show that the absorption line profiles of HCO$^+$, HCN, HNC, and C$_2$H are stable over periods of $\sim 3$ years and $\sim 25$ years, likely indicating that molecular gas structures in these directions are at least $\gtrsim 100$ AU in size

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