arXiv 2302.115012023-02hep-th

是什么决定了泡核形成的静止参考系？

What determines the rest frame of bubble nucleation?

Yilin Chen, Alexander Vilenkin

DOI：: 10.1088/1475-7516/2023/11/084

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AI总结：

针对恒定永恒电场模型的非物理性质疑，本文在有限时刻开启电场的更真实模型中研究泡核静止系问题，发现t₀趋于负无穷时Garriga等人的结论仍成立，且电流与电荷密度由电场开启方式决定。

摘要：

我们重新探讨了Garriga等人近期论文中提出的问题：在恒定电场中，是什么决定了成对核形成的静止参考系？这些论文得出的结论是，人们观测到粒子对在用于探测它们的探测器的静止参考系中处于静止状态并发生核形成。类似的结论应当适用于伪真空中的泡核形成。然而，由于Garriga等人所使用的恒定永恒电场模型具有非物理性质，这一结论受到了质疑。在这样的电场中，粒子对的数密度在任何有限时刻都会是无穷大。本文中，我们在一个更符合实际的模型中研究了相同的问题，该模型中的电场在过去的某个有限时刻$t_0$被开启。开启电场的过程打破了模型的洛伦兹不变性，并且原则上可能会影响成对核形成的参考系。但我们发现，在$t_0 \to -\fty$的极限下，Garriga等人的结论仍然成立。这表明电场的建立过程不会对观测到的成对核形成静止参考系产生持久影响。另一方面，由粒子对产生的电流和电荷密度则由电场的开启方式决定。

英文摘要：

We revisit the question addressed in recent papers by Garriga et al: What determines the rest frame of pair nucleation in a constant electric field? The conclusion reached in these papers is that pairs are observed to nucleate at rest in the rest frame of the detector which is used to detect the pairs. A similar conclusion should apply to bubble nucleation in a false vacuum. This conclusion however is subject to doubt due to the unphysical nature of the model of a constant eternal electric field that was used by Garriga et al. The number density of pairs in such a field would be infinite at any finite time. Here we address the same question in a more realistic model where the electric field is turned on at a finite time $t_0$ in the past. The process of turning on the field breaks the Lorentz invariance of the model and could in principle influence the frame of pair nucleation. We find however that the conclusion of Garriga et al still holds in the limit $t_0 \to -\infty$. This shows that the setup process of the electric field does not have a lasting effect on the observed rest frame of pair nucleation. {On the other hand, the electric current and charge density due to the pairs are determined by the way in which the electric field was turned on.

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