arXiv 2012.006312020-12-15hep-th

不同观测者观察到的气泡成核

Bubble nucleation as seen by different observers

Yilin Chen, Alexander Vilenkin

备注：: Extended discussion of the results
DOI：: 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/03/035

摘要：

在恒定电场中的电子对产生与假真空中的气泡成核非常相似。经典轨道的对是洛伦兹不变，但这种不变性应被打破的成核过程。Garriga等人使用了一个模型探测器，由其他粒子与对相互作用组成，以研究不同的洛伦兹观测者如何观察对的产生。他们发现这对粒子（反粒子）主要被观察到沿着电场的方向（与之相反）运动，并得出结论，观察者看到这对粒子优先在探测器的静止坐标系中成核。在这里，我们应用这种方法的情况下，两个探测器相对于彼此移动被用来观察粒子和反粒子的同一对。我们发现，每个检测器仍然会观察到核发生在其休息帧，无论其他检测器的运动。然而，如果两个探测器的相对速度足够高，则可以观察到粒子和反粒子以任意大的动量相互运动，这与通常的预期相反。

英文摘要：

Pair production in a constant electric field is closely analogous to bubble nucleation in a false vacuum. The classical trajectories of the pairs are Lorentz invariant, but this invariance should be broken by the nucleation process. Garriga et al. used a model detector, consisting of other particles interacting with the pairs, to investigate how pair production is seen by different Lorentzian observers. They found that particles (antiparticles) of the pair are predominantly observed moving in the direction of (opposite to) the electric field and concluded that observers see pairs nucleating preferentially in the detector's rest frame. Here, we apply this approach to the case where two detectors moving relative to one another are used to observe the particle and antiparticle of the same pair. We find that each detector will still observe nucleation to occur in its rest frame, regardless of the motion of the other detector. However, if the relative velocity of the two detectors is sufficiently high, the particle and antiparticle of the pair can be observed moving towards one another with arbitrarily large momenta, contrary to the usual expectation.

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