在一个耦合微观聚并模型的输运模型中，研究了$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.4$ GeV能量下20 - 30% Au + Au碰撞中质子和氘核的定向流和椭圆流以及它们的标度性质.研究发现，用具有不可压缩性$K_{0}=230$ MeV的与动量无关的核平均场模拟的流动及其标度性质与HADES数据拟合较好，而用具有不可压缩性$K_{0}=380$ MeV的与动量无关的核平均场模拟的流动及其标度性质只能部分拟合HADES数据。此外，通过对$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.4$ GeV下0 - 10% Au + Au碰撞中心度下质子和氘核快度分布的检验，发现在动量无关核平均场的模拟中，氘核的快度分布被低估，而质子的快度分布被高估.与此相反，用同位旋和动量相关的核平均场模拟的质子和氘的快度分布与HADES数据吻合得很好。我们的研究结果表明，核平均场的动量依赖性是一个不可避免的功能，从根本上理解核物质属性和成功的解释HADES数据。
英文摘要：
Within a transport model coupled with a microscopic coalescence model, the directed and elliptic flows of protons and deuterons as well as their scalling properties are studied in the centrality of 20-30% Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.4$ GeV. It is found that the flows as well as their scaling properties simulated with the isospin- and momentum-dependent nuclear mean field with an incompressibility $K_{0}=230$ MeV fit fairly the HADES data, while those simulated with the commonly used momentum-independent nuclear mean field with an incompressibility $K_{0}=380$ MeV can only fit partially the HADES data. Moreover, by checking the rapidity distributions of both protons and deuterons in the centrality of 0-10% Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.4$ GeV, we find that the rapidity distributions of deuterons are underestimated while those of protons are overestimated by the simulations with the momentum-independent nuclear mean field. In contrast, the rapidity distributions of both protons and deuterons simulated with the isospin- and momentum-dependent nuclear mean field are in good agreement with the HADES data. Our findings imply that the momentum dependence of nuclear mean field is an unavoidable feature for a fundamental understanding of nuclear matter properties and for the successful interpretation of the HADES data.
Directed, elliptic and triangular flow of protons in Au+Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV: A theoretical analysis of the recent HADES data
最近，GSI的HADES实验提供了在1.23 A GeV束流能量下Au+Au反应中质子的定向流、$v_1$椭圆流、$v_2$和三角流、$v_3$的初步数据。在这里，我们提出了一个理论上的讨论，这些流动谐波内的UrQMD运输方法。我们表明，所有的流谐波，包括三角流，提供了一个一致的图片系统的扩展，如果考虑到潜在的相互作用。研究了流谐波对核相互作用势的依赖关系，结果表明，特别是$v_3$可以作为低能量下核物质状态方程的灵敏探针。三角形流和它的激发函数相对于反应平面的第一次计算，并表明在低束能量的系统的时间演化和初始条件的复杂的相互作用。我们的研究还表明，在$E_{\mathrm{lab}}> 7$ A GeV以上的光束能量的状态方程的显着软化，可以探索在未来的FAIR设施。
Proton Collectivity in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.4-4.5$~GeV from a Unified Purely Hadronic EOS without QCD Phase Transition
School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University（贵州师范大学物理与电子科学学院）；Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing, Guizhou Normal University（贵州师范大学贵州省射电天文与数据处理重点实验室）；Department of Physics, Tsinghua University（清华大学物理系）；Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University（清华大学高能物理中心）
Systematic study of flow of protons and light clusters in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions with momentum-dependent potentials
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research（俄罗斯杜布纳联合核子研究所）；SUBATECH, Nantes University, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3/CNRS（南特大学SUBATECH实验室）；Institut für Kernphysik（法兰克福大学核物理研究所）；Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies（法兰克福高等研究院）；GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH（德国重离子研究中心）；Helmholtz Research Academy Hessen for FAIR (HFHF)（黑森亥姆霍兹FAIR研究学院）；Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University（约翰·沃尔夫冈·歌德大学理论物理研究所）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “E. Majorana”, Università degli Studi di Catania（卡塔尼亚大学物理与天文学系）
Effects of light-cluster degrees of freedom on collective flows in heavy-ion collisions at FOPI energies
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Henan Normal University（河南师范大学）；East China Normal University（华东师范大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；Henan Academy of Science（河南省科学院）；Fudan University（复旦大学）
