在1.23 AGeV的Au+Au反应中质子的定向、椭圆和三角流：最近HADES数据的理论分析
Directed, elliptic and triangular flow of protons in Au+Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV: A theoretical analysis of the recent HADES data
摘要：
最近，GSI的HADES实验提供了在1.23 A GeV束流能量下Au+Au反应中质子的定向流、$v_1$椭圆流、$v_2$和三角流、$v_3$的初步数据。在这里，我们提出了一个理论上的讨论，这些流动谐波内的UrQMD运输方法。我们表明，所有的流谐波，包括三角流，提供了一个一致的图片系统的扩展，如果考虑到潜在的相互作用。研究了流谐波对核相互作用势的依赖关系，结果表明，特别是$v_3$可以作为低能量下核物质状态方程的灵敏探针。三角形流和它的激发函数相对于反应平面的第一次计算，并表明在低束能量的系统的时间演化和初始条件的复杂的相互作用。我们的研究还表明，在$E_{\mathrm{lab}}> 7$ A GeV以上的光束能量的状态方程的显着软化，可以探索在未来的FAIR设施。
英文摘要：
Recently, the HADES experiment at GSI has provided preliminary data on the directed flow, $v_1$ elliptic flow, $v_2$ and triangular flow, $v_3$ of protons in Au+Au reactions at a beam energy of 1.23 A GeV. Here we present a theoretical discussion of these flow harmonics within the UrQMD transport approach. We show that all flow harmonics, including the triangular flow, provide a consistent picture of the expansion of the system, if potential interactions are taken into account. Investigating the dependence of the flow harmonics on the nuclear interaction potentials it is shown that especially $v_3$ can serve as a sensitive probe for the nuclear equation of state at such low energies. The triangular flow and its excitation function with respect to the reaction-plane were calculated for the first time and indicate a complex interplay of the time-evolution of the system and the initial conditions at low beam-energies. Our study also indicates a significant softening of the equation of state at beam energies above $E_{\mathrm{lab}}> 7$A GeV which can be explored by at the future FAIR facility.
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