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arXiv 2302.06143cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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自旋轨道耦合的微扰理论处理。III:固体的耦合摄动法

Perturbation Theory Treatment of Spin-Orbit Coupling. III: Coupled Perturbed Method for Solids

Jacques K. Desmarais, Alberto Boccuni, Jean-Pierre Flament, Bernard Kirtman, Alessandro Erba

摘要:

本文将先前提出的自旋轨道耦合的非正则耦合微扰Kohn-Sham密度泛函理论(KS-DFT)/Hartree-Fock(HF)方法推广到无限周期系统.采用相对论有效实势得到的标量相对论周期KS-DFT/HF解作为零级近似。给出了满足2N + 1规则(即只需要一阶扰动波函数来确定三阶能量)的三阶总能量的显式表达式。在非耦合微扰理论水平上计算了对微扰波函数(以及相关的单电子性质)的附加二阶修正的表达式。该方法是在\textsc{Crystal}程序中实现的,并验证与计算的总能量,电子能带结构,和密度变量的自旋电流DFT的钨二硫族化物六方双层系列(即WSe $_2$,WTe $_2$,WPo $_2$,WLV $_2$),包括6 p和7 p元素作为应力测试。通过二阶或三阶计算的性质与参考二分量自洽场(2c-SCF)计算的性质相匹配。对于总能量,发现$E^{(3)}$一致地改善与2c-SCF参考值的一致性。对于电子能带结构,可见的差异w.r.t. 2c-SCF仅在最困难的单一WLv $_2$病例中保持二级。对于自旋流密度泛函理论的密度变量,微扰电子密度在一阶为零,这对微扰理论方法来说是最具挑战性的。然而,电子密度的可见差异在原子的核心区域附近最大,而在价区较小。扰动自旋电流密度,另一方面,在所有测试的情况下,很好地再现。

英文摘要:

A previously proposed non-canonical coupled-perturbed Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT)/Hartree-Fock (HF) treatment for spin-orbit coupling is here generalized to infinite periodic systems. The scalar-relativistic periodic KS-DFT/HF solution, obtained with a relativistic effective core potential, is taken as the zeroth-order approximation. Explicit expressions are given for the total energy through 3rd-order, which satisfy the 2N + 1 rule (i.e. requiring only the 1st-order perturbed wave function for determining the energy through 3rd-order). Expressions for additional 2nd-order corrections to the perturbed wave function (as well as related one-electron properties) are worked out at the uncoupled-perturbed level of theory. The approach is implemented in the \textsc{Crystal} program and validated with calculations of the total energy, electronic band structure, and density variables of spin-current DFT on the tungsten dichalcogenide hexagonal bilayer series (i.e. WSe$_2$, WTe$_2$, WPo$_2$, WLv$_2$), including 6p and 7p elements as a stress test. The computed properties through second- or third-order match well with those from reference two-component self-consistent field (2c-SCF) calculations. For total energies, $E^{(3)}$ was found to consistently improve the agreement against the 2c-SCF reference values. For electronic band structures, visible differences w.r.t. 2c-SCF remained through second-order in only the single-most difficult case of WLv$_2$. As for density variables of spin-current DFT, the perturbed electron density, being vanishing in first-order, is the most challenging for the perturbation theory approach. The visible differences in the electron densities are, however, largest close to the core region of atoms and smaller in the valence region. Perturbed spin-current densities, on the other hand, are well reproduced in all tested cases.

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