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arXiv 2302.05360astro-ph.GA
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KiDS中z~0.4的恒星形成最亮团星系:冷气体与恒星性质的进一步研究

Star forming brightest cluster galaxies at $z\sim0.4$ in KiDS. Further studies of cold gas and stellar properties

G. Castignani, M. Radovich, F. Combes, P. Salomé, L. Moscardini, S. Bardelli, C. Giocoli, G. Lesci, F. Marulli, M. Maturi, E. Puddu, M. Sereno, D. Tramonte

AI总结:

本文利用IRAM 30m对KiDS中三个z~0.4恒星形成BCG进行CO观测,发现KiDS 1433具有延展分子气体储库和高气体比例,而另两个BCG气体贫乏,表明恒星形成BCG的气体性质异质且气体耗竭可能先于恒星形成猝灭。

摘要:

最亮团星系(BCGs)是宇宙中质量最大的星系之一。它们的恒星形成(SF)历史和恒星质量组装过程仍存在争议。近期研究表明,存在一个新兴的中等红移恒星形成且富含气体的BCG群体,其分子气体储库受到强烈的环境过程影响。我们在Kilo-Degree Survey(KiDS)中选取了三个z~0.4处恒星形成最活跃的BCG,并使用IRAM 30m望远镜在最初三个CO跃迁中对其进行了观测。我们发现KiDS 1433 BCG具有双峰CO(1→0)和CO(3→2)发射,表明其拥有一个巨大的分子气体储库,M_H2=(5.9±1.2)×10^10 M_⊙,以及较高的气体与恒星质量比M_H2/M_⋆=(0.32^{+0.12}_{-0.10})。我们扩充了在多个CO跃迁中具有探测结果的遥远BCG这一有限样本。KiDS 1433 BCG的双峰发射意味着较低的气体聚集度,而对光谱的建模则揭示了一个延展的分子气体储库,其特征半径约为(5-7) kpc,这让人联想到在一些近邻BCG中观测到的成熟延展盘阶段。对于另外两个BCG,我们能够设定M_H2/M_⋆<0.07和<0.23的上限,这在遥远BCG中属于最低之列。随后,我们将观测结果与目标BCG已有的恒星、恒星形成和尘埃性质相结合,并与约100个遥远星系团星系(包括文献中具有CO观测的额外中等红移BCG)进行了比较。恒星形成BCG的分子气体性质是异质的。一方面,富含气体的BCG显示出延展的气体储库,维持着显著的恒星形成活动,这让人联想到近期的气体落入。相反,同样恒星形成但气体贫乏的BCG的存在表明,气体耗竭先于恒星形成猝灭。

英文摘要:

Brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are among the most massive galaxies in the Universe. Their star formation (SF) history and stellar mass assembly are debated. Recent studies suggest the presence of an emerging population of intermediate-$z$ star forming and gas-rich BCGs, where the molecular gas reservoirs are impacted by strong environmental processing. We have selected three among the most star-forming $z\sim0.4$ BCGs in the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), and observed them with the IRAM 30m telescope in the first three CO transitions. We found double-horn CO(1$\rightarrow$0) and CO(3$\rightarrow$2) emission for the KiDS 1433 BCG, yielding a large molecular gas reservoir with $M_{H_2}=(5.9\pm1.2)\times10^{10}~M_\odot$ and a high gas-to-stellar mass ratio $M_{H_2}/M_\star=(0.32^{+0.12}_{-0.10})$. We increase the limited sample of distant BCGs with detections in multiple CO transitions. The double-horn emission for the KiDS 1433 BCG implies a low gas concentration, while a modeling of the spectra yields an extended molecular gas reservoir, with a characteristic radius of $\sim$(5-7) kpc, which is reminiscent of a mature extended-disk phase observed in some local BCGs. For the other two BCGs we are able to set upper limits of $M_{H_2}/M_\star<0.07$ and $<0.23$, which are among the lowest for distant BCGs. We then combined our observations with available stellar, SF, and dust properties of the targeted BCGs, and compared them with $\sim100$ distant cluster galaxies, including additional intermediate-$z$ BCGs, with observations in CO from the literature. The molecular gas properties of star forming BCGs are heterogeneous. On one side, gas-rich BCGs show extended gas reservoirs, which sustain the significant SF activity, which is reminiscent of recent gas infall. Conversely, the existence of similarly star forming, but gas-poor, BCGs suggest that gas depletion precedes SF quenching.

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