空盒子的热力学
Thermodynamics of an Empty Box
摘要：
盒子里的气体也许是热力学和统计力学中研究的最重要的模型系统。通常，研究集中在气体上，而盒子只是作为一个理想化的限制。本文以盒子为中心对象，将盒子的几何自由度视为热力学系统的自由度，从而发展了一种热力学理论。将标准的数学方法应用于空盒子的热力学，可以导出与宇宙学、经典力学和量子力学具有相同结构的方程。一个空盒子的简单模型系统被证明与经典力学、狭义相对论和量子场论有着有趣的联系。
英文摘要：
A gas in a box is perhaps the most important model system studied in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. Usually, studies focus on the gas, whereas the box merely serves as an idealized confinement. The present article focuses on the box as the central object and develops a thermodynamic theory by treating the geometric degrees of freedom of the box as the degrees of freedom of a thermodynamic system. Applying standard mathematical methods to the thermodynamics of an empty box allows equations with the same structure as those of cosmology and classical and quantum mechanics to be derived. The simple model system of an empty box is shown to have interesting connections to classical mechanics, special relativity, and quantum field theory.
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