发表机构
Queen Mary University of London; Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm University（伦敦大学玛丽女王学院; 皇家理工学院; 斯德哥尔摩大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究将理想气体定律推广至活性物质，推导出非相互作用活性粒子在有限盒子中的精确或近似状态方程，并验证其适用于三种主要理论模型，为宏观热力学分析提供基础。
AI 中文摘要
将热力学的一个基本概念扩展到活性物质的非平衡领域，我们推导出限制在有限矩形盒子中的非相互作用活性粒子悬浮液的理想气体定律。该定律对一维中的跑-颠簸粒子（RTPs）是精确的，并通过系统解析展开任意维度中活性 Ornstein-Uhlenbeck 粒子的稳态概率密度来建立。它还与更高维度中活性布朗粒子和 RTPs 的数值结果吻合良好，并恢复了先前已知的大系统尺寸极限关系。这些结果共同证明了理想活性气体定律适用于胶体活性物质的三个最广泛研究的理论模型。作为应用，我们在宏观层面分析涉及活性物质的热力学过程，无需依赖微观粒子轨迹或自推进涨落。
英文摘要
Extending a fundamental concept of thermodynamics to the nonequilibrium realm of active matter, we derive an ideal gas law for a suspension of noninteracting active particles confined to a finite rectangular box. The law is exact for run-and-tumble particles (RTPs) in one dimension and established by a systematic analytical expansion of the steady-state probability density for active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles in any dimension. It also agrees well with numerical results for active Brownian particles and RTPs in higher dimensions and recovers previously known relations for the limit of large system sizes. Together, these results demonstrate the applicability of the ideal active gas law to the three most widely studied theoretical models of colloidal active matter. As an application, we analyze thermodynamic processes involving active matter on a macroscopic level, without recourse to microscopic particle trajectories or self-propulsion fluctuations.
Comments7 pages, 3 figures (+ suppl. 4 pages)
