Early photometric results from JWST have revealed a number of galaxy candidates above redshift 10. The initial estimates of inferred stellar masses and the associated cosmic star formation rates are above most theoretical model predictions up to a factor of 20 in the most extreme cases, while this has been moderated after the recalibration of NIRCam and subsequent spectroscopic detections. Using these recent JWST observations, we use galaxy scaling relations from cosmological simulations to model the star formation history to very high redshifts, back to a starting halo mass of 10^7 solar masses, to infer the intrinsic properties of the JWST galaxies. Here we explore the contribution of supermassive black holes, stellar binaries, and an excess of massive stars to the overall luminosity of high-redshift galaxies. Despite the addition of alternative components to the spectral energy distribution, we find stellar masses equal to or slightly higher than previous stellar mass estimates. Most galaxy spectra are dominated by the stellar component, and the exact choice for the stellar population model does not appear to make a major difference. We find that four of the 12 high-redshift galaxy candidates are best fit with a non-negligible active galactic nuclei component, but the evidence from the continuum alone is insufficient to confirm their existence. Upcoming spectroscopic observations of z > 10 galaxies will confirm the presence and nature of high-energy sources in the early universe and will constrain their exact redshifts.
Accelerated evolution of galaxy host halo masses during Cosmic Dawn from deep JWST clustering
University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）；ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D)（三维全天空天体物理学ARC卓越中心）；National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT)（泰国国家天文研究所）
The DAWN JWST Archive: A spectroscopically-informed population study of the physical properties of galaxies at z>2
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）；Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva（日内瓦大学天文学系）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学空间科学部）
The COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY (CLASSY) HST/COS treasury program provides the first high-resolution spectral catalogue of 45 local high-z analogues in the UV (1200-2000Å) to investigate their stellar and gas properties. We present a toolkit of UV interstellar medium (ISM) diagnostics, analyzing the main emission lines of CLASSY spectra (i.e., NIV]$λλ$1483,87, CIV$λλ$1548,51, HeII$λ$1640, OIII]$λλ$1661,6, SiIII]$λλ$1883,92, CIII]$λλ$1907,9). Specifically, we focus our investigation on providing accurate diagnostics for reddening, electron density and temperature, gas-phase metallic…
We present rest-frame optical emission-line flux ratio measurements for five $z>5$ galaxies observed by the JWST Near-Infared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) in the SMACS 0723 Early Release Observations. We add several quality-control and post-processing steps to the NIRSpec pipeline reduction products in order to ensure reliable relative flux calibration of emission lines that are closely separated in wavelength, despite the uncertain \textit{absolute} spectrophotometry of the current version of the reductions. Compared to $z\sim3$ galaxies in the literature, the $z>5$ galaxies have similar [OIII]$λ$5…
Infrared and nebular lines provide some of our best probes of the physics regulating the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at high-redshift. However, interpreting the physical conditions of high-redshift galaxies directly from emission lines remains complicated due to inhomogeneities in temperature, density, metallicity, ionisation parameter, and spectral hardness. We present a new suite of cosmological, radiation-hydrodynamics simulations, each centred on a massive Lyman-break galaxy that resolves such properties in an inhomogeneous ISM. Many of the simulated systems exhibit transie…
Telescopes to be launched over the next decade-and-a-half, such as JWST, EUCLID, ATHENA and Lynx, promise to revolutionise the study of the high redshift Universe and greatly advance our understanding of the early stages of galaxy formation. We use a model that follows the evolution of the masses and spins of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation to make predictions for the Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) luminosity function at $z\geq7$ in the broadband filters of JWST and EUCLID at near-infrared wavelengths, and ATHENA and Lynx at X-ray energies. The …
Extreme Enrichment at Cosmic Dawn: Three FeII-Strong Quasars at z > 6 from the JWST Aether survey
NSF NOIRLab, Gemini Observatory（美国国家光学红外天文实验室，双子座天文台）；International Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab（国际双子座天文台/美国国家光学红外天文实验室）；INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站）；Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University（海德堡大学理论物理研究所）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik（马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio（意大利国家天体物理研究所天文与空间科学观测站）；Dipartimento di Fisica Enrico Fermi, Università di Pisa（比萨大学恩里科·费米物理系）
The first GLIMPSE of the faint galaxy population at Cosmic Dawn with JWST: The evolution of the ultraviolet luminosity function across z~9-15
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université（巴黎天体物理研究所，法国国家科学研究中心，索邦大学）；Ben-Gurion University of the Negev（内盖夫本-古里安大学）；The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；Cosmic Frontier Center, The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校宇宙前沿中心）；Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRAL UMR5574, ENS de Lyon, CNRS（里昂第一大学克劳德·贝尔纳大学，CRAL UMR5574，里昂高等师范学校，法国国家科学研究中心）；Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）
Probing the dawn of galaxies: star formation and feedback in the JWST era through the GAEA model
University of Trieste（的里雅斯特大学）；INAF – Astronomical Observatory of Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所-的里雅斯特天文台）；IFPU – Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）；Institute of Physics, GalSpec Laboratory, EPFL（洛桑联邦理工学院物理系星系光谱实验室）；Tianjin Normal University（天津师范大学）；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；Université Paris Cité（巴黎西岱大学）；CEA（法国原子能和替代能源委员会）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；AIM（天体物理学与分子研究国际实验室）
ALMA observations of pre-JWST z ~ 10 galaxy candidates: A CO(J = 9-8) line from a ULIRG at z = 2.54 and revisit of the photometric redshifts with JWST photometry
Waseda University（早稻田大学）；University of Tsukuba（筑波大学）
Little is known about the mass-metallicity relation (MZR) in galaxies at cosmic dawn. Studying the first appearance of the MZR is one of the keys to understanding the formation and evolution of the first galaxies. In order to lay the groundwork for upcoming observational campaigns, we analyze 290 galaxies in halos spanning Mh = 10^9-10^11 Msun selected from the FirstLight (FL) cosmological zoom simulations to predict the MZR at z=5-8. Over this interval, the metallicity of FL galaxies with stellar mass Ms= 10^8 Msun declines by < 0.2 dex. This contrasts with the observed tendency for metallici…
Identifying Red Supergiants in the Local Group Using JWST Photometry. I. NGC 6822, Sextans A, NGC 300, WLM, and IC 1613
Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学天文与前沿科学研究院）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学物理与天文学院）；Key Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台空间天文与技术重点实验室）；Department of Astronomy, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qilu Normal University（齐鲁师范学院物理与电子工程学院天文学系）
EGS-z11-R0: a red, dust-rich galaxy at Cosmic Dawn
Università di Padova（帕多瓦大学）；INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；Scuola Normale Superiore（比萨高等师范学院）；INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（西班牙国家科学技术研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所天体生物学中心）；Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA)（奥地利科学与技术学院）；INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio（意大利国家天体物理研究所天体物理学与空间科学观测站）；Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文学系）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）；SISSA - International School for Advanced Studies（国际高等研究院）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台）；INFN – National Institute for Nuclear Physics（意大利国家核物理研究所）
Uncertainties in high-$z$ galaxy properties inferred from SED fitting using JWST NIRCam photometry
Yonsei University（延世大学）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理研究所）；Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon1, Ens de Lyon（里昂天体物理研究中心）
Estimating Photometric Distances to Ultracool Dwarfs in Next Generation Space-based Infrared Surveys: Synthetic Photometry and New Absolute Magnitude Versus Spectral Type Relations for JWST, Euclid, and Roman Filters
The Early Release Observations (EROs) of JWST beautifully demonstrate the promise of JWST in characterizing the universe at cosmic dawn. We analyze the ERO spectra of three $z \sim 8$ galaxies to determine their metallicities, gas temperatures and ionization. These galaxies offer the first opportunity to understand the physical properties of epoch-of-reionization galaxies through detailed rest-optical emission line spectroscopy. We show that these objects have metal abundances $12+\log[O/H] \approx 6.9 - 8.2$, based on both the $T_e$ method and on a recent calibration of the $R_{23}$ metallici…
Using the FirstLight database of 300 zoom-in cosmological simulations we provide rest-frame UV-optical spectral energy distributions of galaxies with complex star-formation histories that are coupled to the non-uniform gas accretion history of galactic halos during cosmic dawn. The population at any redshift is very diverse ranging from starbursts to quiescent galaxies even at a fixed stellar mass. This drives a redshift-dependent relation between UV luminosity and stellar mass with a large scatter, driven by the specific star formation rate. The UV slope and the production efficiency of Lyman…
The JWST Ultramassive Galaxy Sample -- I. Overview, Photometry, and Stellar Kinematics: Selecting Optimal Template Subsets via Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）
Impact of stochastic star-formation histories and dust on selecting quiescent galaxies with JWST photometry
SISSA（国际高等研究学院）；Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia（不列颠哥伦比亚大学物理与天文学系）；Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary’s University（圣玛丽大学天文与物理系）；Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie（马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所）；INAF, OAPD（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学物理与天文学系）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利天体物理研究所）；Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna（拉帕尔马大学天体物理学系）；Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge（剑桥卡弗里宇宙学研究所）；Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学天体物理研究所）；Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut（海德堡大学天文学中心天文计算研究所）；Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University（亚当·密茨凯维奇大学物理学院天文观测研究所）；Institute of Astronomy, Fac（天体物理研究所）
AGNBoost: A Machine Learning Approach to AGN Identification with JWST/NIRCam+MIRI Colors and Photometry
University of Kansas（堪萨斯大学）；Rochester Institute of Technology（罗切斯特理工学院）；Colby College（科尔比学院）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Texas A&M University（得克萨斯农工大学）
The past decade has seen impressive progress in the detection of $z>7$ galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope, however little is known about their properties. The James Webb Space Telescope will revolutionise the high-$z$ field by providing NIR (i.e., rest-frame optical) data of unprecedented depth and spatial resolution. Measuring galaxy quantities such as resolved stellar ages or gas metallicity gradients traditionally requires spectroscopy, as broad-band imaging filters are generally too coarse to fully isolate diagnostics such as the 4000 Å (rest-frame) break, continuum emission from age…
As the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has become fully operational, early-release data are now available to begin building the tools and calibrations for precision point-source photometry and astrometry in crowded cluster environments. Here, we present our independent reduction of NIRCam imaging of the metal-poor globular cluster M92, which were collected under Director's Discretionary Early Release Science programme ERS-1334. We derived empirical models of the Point Spread Function (PSF) for filters F090W, F150W, F277W, and F444W, and find that these PSFs: (i) are generally under-sampled (…
Recent JWST observations suggest an excess of $z\gtrsim10$ galaxy candidates above most theoretical models. Here, we explore how the interplay between halo formation timescales, star formation efficiency and dust attenuation affects the properties and number densities of galaxies we can detect in the early universe. We calculate the theoretical upper limit on the UV luminosity function, assuming star formation is 100% efficient and all gas in halos is converted into stars, and that galaxies are at the peak age for UV emission (~10 Myr). This upper limit is ~4 orders of magnitude greater than c…
Understanding the formation and growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high redshift represents a major challenge for theoretical models. In this work we investigate the early evolution of the first SMBHs by constraining their distribution in mass and luminosity at $z > 4$. In particular, we focus on the poorly explored low-mass end of the nuclear black hole (BH) distribution down to $z \simeq 4$, and explore its connection with the nature of the first BH seeds and the processes governing their mass growth. To this aim, we have developed CAT (Cosmic Archaeology Tool), a new semi-analyti…
