发表机构
University of Oxford; University of Michigan; Space Telescope Science Institute（牛津大学; 密歇根大学; 太空望远镜科学研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究介绍JWST超大质量星系样本，包含8个极端早型星系，结合JWST/NIRCam与DESI测光及NIRSpec运动学数据，引入非负矩阵分解选择最优模板子集，揭示其多为慢旋转体，为测量中心黑洞质量奠定基础。
AI 中文摘要
我们介绍了JWST超大质量星系样本，该样本包含8个极端早型星系（$M_\star \gtrsim 2\times10^{12}\\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$），是从包含超过100个此类天体的全天综合普查中抽取的代表性子集。该项目旨在动态测量其中心超大质量黑洞（BHs），以探测黑洞-星系标度关系的极端高质量端，这是一个关键区域，在此区域中控制黑洞增长和宿主星系共同演化的物理机制预计会发生根本性变化。在本第一篇论文中，我们展示了基础数据产品：详细的测光模型和空间分辨的核恒星运动学。为了准确描绘从黑洞影响球面到扩展晕的恒星质量分布，我们将衍射极限的JWST/NIRCam成像与宽场DESI Legacy Surveys数据相结合，使用多高斯扩展（MGE）参数化表面亮度。我们使用惩罚像素拟合（\textsc{pPXF}）方法从JWST/NIRSpec积分场观测中提取恒星运动学。为了充分利用连续的$1.66-3.17\\,\mu\mathrm{m}$波长覆盖——避免地面经验库的大气缝隙和大型理论网格的计算负担——我们引入了近可分离非负矩阵分解（NMF）的使用。该算法从更新的BOSZ库中识别出最优的、高度压缩的合成光谱子集，以一小部分计算成本完美捕捉其跨度能力。由此产生的运动学图揭示，这些超大质量系统绝大多数是慢旋转体，经常包含运动学解耦核。这些高质量的测光和运动学数据为论文II中稳健的各向异性Jeans建模（JAM）提供了所需的输入，以测量中心黑洞质量。
英文摘要
We introduce the JWST Ultramassive Galaxy Sample, comprising 8 extreme early-type galaxies ($M_\star \gtrsim 2\times10^{12}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$) drawn as a representative subset from a comprehensive full-sky census of over 100 such objects. This program aims to dynamically measure their central supermassive black holes (BHs) to probe the extreme high-mass end of BH--galaxy scaling relations, a critical regime where the physical mechanisms governing BH growth and host-galaxy co-evolution are expected to fundamentally change. In this first paper, we present the foundational data products: detailed photometric models and spatially resolved nuclear stellar kinematics. To accurately map the stellar mass distribution from the BH sphere of influence out to the extended halo, we combine diffraction-limited JWST/NIRCam imaging with wide-field DESI Legacy Surveys data, parametrizing the surface brightness using Multi-Gaussian Expansion (MGE). We extract stellar kinematics from JWST/NIRSpec integral-field observations using the penalized pixel-fitting (\textsc{pPXF}) method. To fully exploit the continuous $1.66-3.17\,μ\mathrm{m}$ wavelength coverage---avoiding the telluric gaps of ground-based empirical libraries and the computational burden of massive theoretical grids---we introduce the use of near-separable Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). This algorithm identifies an optimal, highly compressed subset of synthetic spectra from the updated BOSZ library, perfectly capturing its spanning power at a fraction of the computational cost. The resulting kinematic maps reveal that these ultramassive systems are overwhelmingly slow rotators, frequently harboring kinematically decoupled cores. These high-quality photometric and kinematic data provide the inputs required for the robust Jeans Anisotropic Modelling (JAM) of the central BH masses in Paper II.
Comments15 pages, 11 figures, LaTeX. Submitted to MNRAS
