AI 中文总结
研究早期宇宙中意外明亮快速增长星系，用合成JWST观测阿扎哈尔模拟套件，表明全物理模型产生的星系与观测相符，解释了高红移明亮星系探测，对比其他模型，还指出低质量星系情况及未来高分辨率观测意义。
AI 中文摘要
詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜（JWST）在早期宇宙中发现了意外明亮且快速增长的星系，这是大多数现有星系形成模型未预测到的。利用阿扎哈尔模拟套件的合成JWST观测，我们表明全面的非热物理学（“全物理”）产生的紧凑、自我调节星系与从红移\(z = 12\)到\(z = 3\)的观测结果相符。该模型还产生了广泛的表面亮度分布，亮端由紧凑尺寸和爆发性恒星形成主导。这种紧凑的星暴情景自然地解释了在流量限制调查中对红移\(z > 10\)明亮星系的探测。相比之下，标准流体动力学模型产生的系统比当前数据更小且更集中，而校准超新星反馈模型产生的系统大小几乎是观测到的两倍，不符合物理实际。在较低质量（\(\mathrm{M}_{*} < 10^{8}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}\)）时，全物理模型预测的大小小于JWST能分辨的，这与对高质量系统观测的推断一致。未来更高分辨率的观测可以解析这一群体并阐明驱动首批星系形成的物理机制。
英文摘要
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has discovered unexpectedly bright, rapidly growing galaxies in the early universe, which were not predicted by most previously existing galaxy formation models. Using synthetic JWST observations of the Azahar simulation suite, we show that comprehensive non-thermal physics ("Full-Physics") produces compact, self-regulated galaxies that match observations from $z = 12$ to $z = 3$. This model also produces broad surface brightness distributions, where the bright end is dominated by compact sizes and bursty star formation. This compact starburst scenario naturally explains the detection of bright $z > 10$ galaxies in flux-limited surveys. By contrast, a model with standard hydrodynamics yields systems that are smaller and more concentrated than current data, while a model with calibrated supernova feedback produces unphysically large systems nearly twice the size of those observed. At lower masses ($\mathrm{M}_{*} < 10^{8}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$), the Full-Physics model predicts sizes that are smaller than can be resolved with JWST, consistent with extrapolations from observations of higher-mass systems. Future observations with higher resolution could resolve this population and elucidate the physics driving the formation of the first galaxies.
Comments24 pages (16 in main text), 12 figures (7 in main text), 5 appendices. Under review at ApJ
