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arXiv 2302.04296physics.flu-dyn
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矩形空腔内剪切驱动流动中的涡破裂

Vortex breakdown in the shear-driven flow in a rectangular cavity

H. Wang, X. Yu, S. T. Chan, G. Durey, A. Shen, J. T. Ault

摘要:

通过数值模拟和实验研究了矩形空腔绕流的层流涡动力学特性。流动是三维的,其特征是一个大的,占主导地位的涡流结构,在中等雷诺数下填充了大部分空腔,并沿涡核在轴向方向上产生了微弱但显著的流动。在一定的临界雷诺数以上的空腔内观察到经典的气泡型涡破裂,这是通道宽度的函数。的临界雷诺数的发病击穿被确定为通道宽度的函数,和击穿区域的演变和动态过渡的通道宽度和雷诺数的函数进行了研究。在大空腔宽度,两个涡破裂气泡出现在侧壁附近对称的中心平面,增长,并最终合并雷诺数增加。对于足够大的宽度,涡破裂区域保持良好分离,其结构变得独立的空腔宽度。分析了驻点的稳定性和分岔以及它们向稳定/不稳定极限环的转变,计算了涡流的临界性,表明涡在空腔中的破裂与Benjamin对临界性的解释一致。在中间宽度区域,在临界雷诺数以上出现单个涡破裂泡。在窄宽度区域,流动表现出更复杂的模式。在此宽度范围内,观察到一种具有反向流型的附加涡破裂模式,以及驻点稳定性的多次偏移。实验和数值计算结果还表明了流动对进口条件的敏感性,因此,相对较小的上游不对称性可能导致空腔中涡流破裂行为的显著变化。

英文摘要:

The vortex dynamics of laminar flow past a rectangular cavity is investigated using simulations and experiments. The flow is three-dimensional and characterized by a large, dominant vortex structure that fills most of the cavity at moderate Reynolds numbers with a weak, yet significant flow in the axial direction along the vortex core. Classical bubble-type vortex breakdown is observed within the cavity above a certain critical Reynolds number, which is a function of the channel width. The critical Reynolds number for the onset of breakdown is determined as a function of channel width, and the evolution and dynamical transitions of the breakdown regions are investigated as functions of the channel width and Reynolds number. At large cavity widths, two vortex breakdown bubbles emerge near the sidewalls symmetric about the centerplane, which grow and eventually merge as the Reynolds number increases. For large-enough widths, the vortex breakdown regions remain well-separated and their structures become independent of the cavity width. The stability and bifurcations of the stagnation points and their transitions to stable/unstable limit cycles are analyzed, and the criticality of the vortex flow is calculated, demonstrating that the vortex breakdown in the cavity agrees with Benjamin's interpretation of criticality. At the intermediate width regime, a single vortex breakdown bubble appears above the critical Reynolds number. In the narrow width regime, the flow exhibits more complicated modes. An additional vortex breakdown mode with reversed flow patterns is observed in this width regime, along with multiple shifts in the stability of stagnation points. The experimental and numerical results also demonstrate the sensitivity of the flow to the inlet conditions, such that relatively small asymmetries upstream can result in significant changes to the vortex breakdown behavior in the cavity.

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