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arXiv 2302.03212quant-phcond-mat.dis-nncond-mat.str-el
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拓扑纠缠的统计学方法:高阶不可约关联的玻尔兹曼机表示

A statistical approach to topological entanglement: Boltzmann machine representation of high-order irreducible correlation

Shi Feng, Deqian Kong, Nandini Trivedi

AI总结:

本研究提出将强关联系统的高阶关联与拓扑纠缠统一的统计学诠释,构建受限玻尔兹曼机捕捉拓扑纠缠,推导闭式提取任意阶关联,还可推广至多体相互作用解耦场景。

摘要:

强相互作用系统可通过不同阶次的关联函数来描述。高阶关联的量子对应物是零温下物质拓扑有序态中的拓扑纠缠,通常用量子拓扑纠缠熵(TEE)来量化。在本研究中,我们提出了一种统计学诠释,将二者统一在同一信息论框架下。我们证明,非零TEE的存在可以从统计学角度理解为投影测量样本中涌现的n阶互信息Iₙ(适用于任意整数n≥3),这也明确了两种现有TEE提取方法——Kitaev-Preskill方法和Levin-Wen构造——之间的等价性。为利用Iₙ的统计特性,我们构建了受限玻尔兹曼机(RBM),该模型通过在合适基矢下表示局域区域的纠缠哈密顿量,能够捕捉投影样本分布中编码的高阶关联以及对应的拓扑纠缠。此外,我们推导了一个闭式表达式,提供了一种探究已训练RBM的方法,明确了与Iₙ相关的任意阶关联的解析形式。我们指出,这种提取高阶关联的探究方法还可用于构造辅助场,以解耦各类相互作用模型中涉及的多体相互作用。

英文摘要:

Strongly interacting systems can be described in terms of correlation functions at various orders. A quantum analog of high-order correlations is the topological entanglement in topologically ordered states of matter at zero temperature, usually quantified by topological entanglement entropy (TEE). In this work, we propose a statistical interpretation that unifies the two under the same information-theoretic framework. We demonstrate that the existence of a non-zero TEE can be understood in the statistical view as the emergent $n$th order mutual information $I_n$ (for arbitrary integer $n\ge 3$) reflected in projectively measured samples, which also makes explicit the equivalence between the two existing methods for its extraction -- the Kitaev-Preskill and the Levin-Wen construction. To exploit the statistical nature of $I_n$, we construct a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) which captures the high-order correlations and correspondingly the topological entanglement that are encoded in the distribution of projected samples by representing the entanglement Hamiltonian of a local region under the proper basis. Furthermore, we derive a closed form which presents a method to interrogate the trained RBM, making explicit the analytical form of arbitrary order of correlations relevant for $I_n$. We remark that the interrogation method for extracting high-order correlation can also be applied to the construction of auxiliary fields that disentangle many-body interactions relevant for diverse interacting models.

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