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arXiv 2403.09403cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.mes-hallquant-ph
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熵及其产生的比较微观研究

Comparative Microscopic Study of Entropies and their Production

Philipp Strasberg, Joseph Schindler

AI总结:

本研究针对两系统能量交换的非平衡设置,通过随机矩阵理论和薛定谔方程数值积分,比较11种微观熵和3种微观温度定义的时间演化,揭示其在不同初始态和系统类型下的行为差异及热力学第二定律的违反情况。

摘要:

我们研究了11种微观熵定义(玻尔兹曼表面、吉布斯体积、正则、粗粒化观测、纠缠和对角型)以及3种微观温度定义(基于玻尔兹曼、吉布斯或正则熵)的时间演化。研究针对两个系统交换能量的典型非平衡设置,采用随机矩阵理论建模,基于薛定谔方程的数值积分。我们考虑了三类纯初始态(局域能量本征态、去关联和纠缠微正则态)和三类系统:(A)两个正常系统,(B)一个正常系统和一个负温度系统,(C)一个正常系统和一个负热容系统。我们发现:(1)所有类型的初始态产生相同的宏观动力学;(2)与其他所有熵相比,纠缠熵和对角熵对微观态敏感;(3)对于B类和C类系统,吉布斯体积熵可能违反热力学第二定律,相关温度变得无意义;(4)对于C类系统,玻尔兹曼表面熵可能违反热力学第二定律,相关温度变得无意义;(5)正则熵倾向于保持几乎恒定;(6)对于哈尔随机初始态,纠缠熵或对角熵的行为与粗粒化观测熵相似或相同。

英文摘要:

We study the time evolution of eleven microscopic entropy definitions (of Boltzmann-surface, Gibbs-volume, canonical, coarse-grained-observational, entanglement and diagonal type) and three microscopic temperature definitions (based on Boltzmann, Gibbs or canonical entropy). This is done for the archetypal nonequilibrium setup of two systems exchanging energy, modeled here with random matrix theory, based on numerical integration of the Schroedinger equation. We consider three types of pure initial states (local energy eigenstates, decorrelated and entangled microcanonical states) and three classes of systems: (A) two normal systems, (B) a normal and a negative temperature system and (C) a normal and a negative heat capacity system. We find: (1) All types of initial states give rise to the same macroscopic dynamics. (2) Entanglement and diagonal entropy sensitively depend on the microstate, in contrast to all other entropies. (3) For class B and C, Gibbs-volume entropies can violate the second law and the associated temperature becomes meaningless. (4) For class C, Boltzmann-surface entropies can violate the second law and the associated temperature becomes meaningless. (5) Canonical entropy has a tendency to remain almost constant. (6) For a Haar random initial state, entanglement or diagonal entropy behave similar or identical to coarse-grained-observational entropy.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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