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arXiv 2302.01701stat.MLcs.LG
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在存在缺失和异质数据的情况下评估时空预测器

Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Predictors in the Presence of Missing and Heterogeneous Data

Università della Svizzera italiana(瑞士大学);IDSIA;Politecnico di Milano(米兰理工学院)

Daniele Zambon, Cesare Alippi

AI总结:

本文提出了一种残差相关性分析框架,用于在存在缺失和异质数据时评估时空关系增强的神经预测模型的最优性。

摘要:

深度学习方法在建模复杂的大规模数据方面取得了显著的预测性能。然而,评估所推导模型的质量变得越来越具有挑战性,因为更多的经典统计假设可能不再适用。这些困难在时空数据中尤为突出,因为它们在空间和时间上都表现出依赖性,并且通常由非线性动态、时间变异性和缺失观测特征化,因此需要新的准确性评估方法。本文介绍了一种残差相关性分析框架,用于评估时空关系增强的神经预测模型的最优性,特别是在不完整和异质数据设置中。通过利用残差相关性表明信息未被模型捕获的原则,使能够识别和定位空间和时间中预测性能可以改进的区域。所提出方法的一个优点是它在最小假设下运行,允许对应用于多变量时间序列的深度学习模型进行稳健评估,即使在存在缺失和异质数据的情况下。具体而言,该方法构建了定制的时空图来编码稀疏的空间和时间依赖性,并采用渐近无分布的汇总统计量来检测模型表现不佳的时间区间和空间区域。通过在合成和真实世界数据集上使用最先进的预测模型进行实验,证明了所提出方法的有效性。

英文摘要:

Deep learning methods achieve remarkable predictive performance in modeling complex, large-scale data. However, assessing the quality of derived models has become increasingly challenging, as more classical statistical assumptions may no longer apply. These difficulties are particularly pronounced for spatio-temporal data, which exhibit dependencies across both space and time and are often characterized by nonlinear dynamics, time variance, and missing observations, hence calling for new accuracy assessment methodologies. This paper introduces a residual correlation analysis framework for assessing the optimality of spatio-temporal relational-enabled neural predictive models, notably in settings with incomplete and heterogeneous data. By leveraging the principle that residual correlation indicates information not captured by the model, enabling the identification and localization of regions in space and time where predictive performance can be improved. A strength of the proposed approach is that it operates under minimal assumptions, allowing also for robust evaluation of deep learning models applied to multivariate time series, even in the presence of missing and heterogeneous data. In detail, the methodology constructs tailored spatio-temporal graphs to encode sparse spatial and temporal dependencies and employs asymptotically distribution-free summary statistics to detect time intervals and spatial regions where the model underperforms. The effectiveness of what proposed is demonstrated through experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets using state-of-the-art predictive models.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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