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arXiv 2301.02574astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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半导体宿主分子流出的Gamma-ray发射

Gamma-ray Emission from Galaxies Hosting Molecular Outflows

Alex McDaniel, Marco Ajello, Chris Karwin

摘要:

许多恒星形成星系和活动星系核(AGN)的证据表明,大量物质流出的各种阶段,包括电离,中性原子和分子。特别是分子外流一直是最近的兴趣焦点,因为它们可能负责从星系中移除气体,从而抑制恒星的形成。当物质从星系核心喷射出来时,流出的物质与星际介质的相互作用可以加速宇宙射线并产生高能伽马射线。在这项工作中,我们搜索伽马射线发射的样本本地星系已知主机分子流出使用的数据收集的{ \fermi }大面积望远镜。我们采用堆叠技术,以搜索和表征样品的平均伽马射线发射特性。伽玛射线辐射检测从我们的样品中的星系在$4.4 \, σ$水平与幂律光子指数$Γ\approx 2$在1-800 GeV的能量范围。发现发射与恒星形成活动的示踪物相关,即$8-1000 \: μ$ m红外光度。我们还发现,观察到的信号可以主要归因于\ion{H}{ii}星系托管能量驱动的外流。虽然我们没有发现证据表明流出物直接加速带电粒子,但有分子流出物的星系可能比没有流出物的星系产生更多的伽马射线。特别是,由伽马射线探测到的具有分子流出的星系组成的集合几乎是完美的量热计,可能是未来寻找高能中微子的目标。

英文摘要:

Many star-forming galaxies and those hosting active galactic nuclei (AGN) show evidence of massive outflows of material in a variety of phases including ionized, neutral atomic, and molecular. Molecular outflows in particular have been the focus of recent interest as they may be responsible for removing gas from the galaxy, thereby suppressing star formation. As material is ejected from the cores of galaxies, interactions of the outflowing material with the interstellar medium can accelerate cosmic rays and produce high-energy gamma rays. In this work, we search for gamma-ray emission from a sample of local galaxies known to host molecular outflows using data collected by the {\fermi} Large Area Telescope. We employ a stacking technique in order to search for and characterize the average gamma-ray emission properties of the sample. Gamma-ray emission is detected from the galaxies in our sample at the $4.4 \, σ$ level with a power-law photon index of $Γ\approx 2$ in the 1-800 GeV energy range. The emission is found to correlate with tracers of star formation activity, namely the $8-1000 \: μ$m infrared luminosity. We also find that the observed signal can be predominantly attributed to \ion{H}{ii} galaxies hosting energy-driven outflows. While we do not find evidence suggesting that the outflows are accelerating charged particles directly, galaxies with molecular outflows may produce more gamma rays than galaxies without outflows. In particular, the set consisting of gamma-ray-detected galaxies with molecular outflows are nearly perfect calorimeters and may be future targets for searches of high-energy neutrinos.

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