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arXiv 2212.09810math.NT
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3-正则分拆数的奇偶性与丢番图方程

Parity of 3-regular partition numbers and Diophantine equations

Cristina Ballantine, Mircea Merca, Cristian-Silviu Radu

摘要:

令$b_3(n)$为$3$的数目-$n$的常规分区。最近,W. J. Keith和F. Zanello发现了无穷族的Ramanujan型同余模$2$的$b_3(2n)$涉及每个素数$p$与$p \equiv 13, 17, 19, 23 \pmod {24}$,和O。X. M. Yao给出了涉及每个素数$p\geqslant 5$的$b_3(2n)$的模$2$的Ramanujan型同余的新的无穷族.本文引入了$b_3(2n)$的模$2$的无限Ramanujan型同余.它们自然地补充了Keith-Zanello和Yao的结果,并涉及$\mathcal P=\{p \text{ prime } : \exists \, j\in \{1,4,8\},\, x, y \in \mathbb Z,\, \gcd(x,y)=1 \text { with } x^2+216y^2=jp\}$中Dirichlet密度为$1/6$的素数。作为一个关键因素,在我们的证明中,我们表明,原始解决方案的$x^2+216y^2=pm$,$p \in \mathcal P$,$p\nmid m$和$pm\equiv 1\pmod{24}$的数量,是由$8$整除。这里,困难来自于$216$不是idoneal的事实。我们还给出了这个丢番图方程的解的个数的一个代数精确公式。在文章的第二部分,我们研究了欧拉型恒等式的反转。这些都是出于最近的工作的第二作者对扭转舒尔的身份,其中涉及$3$ -经常分区加权奇偶校验的长度。

英文摘要:

Let $b_3(n)$ be the number of $3$-regular partitions of $n$. Recently, W. J. Keith and F. Zanello discovered infinite families of Ramanujan type congruences modulo $2$ for $b_3(2n)$ involving every prime $p$ with $p \equiv 13, 17, 19, 23 \pmod {24}$, and O. X. M. Yao provided new infinite families of Ramanujan type congruences modulo $2$ for $b_3(2n)$ involving every prime $p\geqslant 5$. In this paper, we introduce new infinite Ramanujan type congruences modulo $2$ for $b_3(2n)$. They complement naturally the results of Keith-Zanello and Yao and involve primes in $\mathcal P=\{p \text{ prime } : \exists \, j\in \{1,4,8\},\, x, y \in \mathbb Z,\, \gcd(x,y)=1 \text { with } x^2+216y^2=jp\}$ whose Dirichlet density is $1/6$. As a key ingredient in our proof we show that of the number of primitive solutions for $x^2+216y^2=pm$, $p \in \mathcal P$, $p\nmid m$ and $pm\equiv 1\pmod{24}$, is divisible by $8$. Here, the difficulty arises from the fact that $216$ is not idoneal. We also give a conjectural exact formula for the number of solutions for this Diophantine equation. In the second part of the article, we study reversals of Euler-type identities. These are motivated by recent work of the second author on a reversal of Schur's identity which involves $3$-regular partitions weighted by the parity of their length.

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