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arXiv 2212.09009stat.MEmath.STstat.TH
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局部同时推断

Locally Simultaneous Inference

Tijana Zrnic, William Fithian

AI总结:

本文提出局部同时推断方法,通过只回答观测数据下可能被提出的问题,在保持严格第I类错误保证的同时降低保守性,并严格优于基础同时推断方法。

摘要:

选择性推断是指对以数据驱动方式选定的统计问题给出有效答案的问题。选择性推断的一种标准解决方案是同时推断,它为所有可能被提出的问题集合提供有效答案。然而,如果该集合包含许多本来就不太可能被提出的问题,同时推断可能会不必要地保守。我们引入了一种保守性较低的选择性推断解决方案,称之为局部同时推断,它只回答在观测数据背景下有可能被提出的那些问题,同时保持严格的第I类错误保证。例如,如果目标是在一项包含多种治疗的临床试验中为“获胜”治疗效应构建置信区间,并且事后明显只有一种治疗有机会获胜,那么我们的方法将返回一个几乎与未校正的标准区间相同的区间。局部同时推断通过对任意感兴趣的同时推断方法进行精化来实现。在常见置信区间满足的温和条件下,局部同时推断严格优于其基础的同时推断方法,这意味着它永远不会产生更低的统计功效,只会更高。与要求更强保证的条件选择性推断相比,局部同时推断在非参数设置中更易应用,并且在数值上更稳定。

英文摘要:

Selective inference is the problem of giving valid answers to statistical questions chosen in a data-driven manner. A standard solution to selective inference is simultaneous inference, which delivers valid answers to the set of all questions that could possibly have been asked. However, simultaneous inference can be unnecessarily conservative if this set includes many questions that were unlikely to be asked in the first place. We introduce a less conservative solution to selective inference that we call locally simultaneous inference, which only answers those questions that could plausibly have been asked in light of the observed data, all the while preserving rigorous type I error guarantees. For example, if the objective is to construct a confidence interval for the "winning" treatment effect in a clinical trial with multiple treatments, and it is obvious in hindsight that only one treatment had a chance to win, then our approach will return an interval that is nearly the same as the uncorrected, standard interval. Locally simultaneous inference is implemented by refining any method for simultaneous inference of interest. Under mild conditions satisfied by common confidence intervals, locally simultaneous inference strictly dominates its underlying simultaneous inference method, meaning it can never yield less statistical power but only more. Compared to conditional selective inference, which demands stronger guarantees, locally simultaneous inference is more easily applicable in nonparametric settings and is more numerically stable.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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