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arXiv 2301.01653stat.ME
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同步方向推断

Simultaneous directional inference

Ruth Heller, Aldo Solari

AI总结:

针对多参数符号推断问题,提出数据驱动选择检验方向并调整单侧 p 值的同步事后方法,可在多项式时间内得到更紧的正负参数数量置信界。

摘要:

我们考虑对 $n>1$ 个参数的符号进行推断的问题。我们的目标是为正参数和负参数(或非正参数)的数量提供 $1-α$ 的事后置信界。该保证是同步的,覆盖参数的所有子集。我们的建议如下:首先利用数据为每个参数选择假设检验的方向;然后针对该选择调整单侧假设的 $p$ 值,并使用调整后的 $p$ 值对所选的 $n$ 个单侧假设进行同步推断。在单侧假设的 $p$ 值具有单调似然比密度且相互独立的假设下,这种调整非常直接。我们证明,所提供的界比现有替代方案更紧(通常紧很多),并且至多可在多项式时间内获得。我们展示了这种同步事后界在跨研究或子组评估治疗效果中的实用性。具体而言,我们为有益研究的数量以及有害(或非有益)研究的数量提供了紧下界,此外还对单项研究的效果方向作出结论,同时保证至少出现一次错误推断的概率不超过 0.05。

英文摘要:

We consider the problem of inference on the signs of $n>1$ parameters. We aim to provide $1-α$ post-hoc confidence bounds on the number of positive and negative (or non-positive) parameters. The guarantee is simultaneous, for all subsets of parameters. Our suggestion is as follows: start by using the data to select the direction of the hypothesis test for each parameter; then, adjust the $p$-values of the one-sided hypotheses for the selection, and use the adjusted $p$-values for simultaneous inference on the selected $n$ one-sided hypotheses. The adjustment is straightforward assuming that the $p$-values of one-sided hypotheses have densities with monotone likelihood ratio, and are mutually independent. We show that the bounds we provide are tighter (often by a great margin) than existing alternatives, and that they can be obtained by at most a polynomial time. We demonstrate the usefulness of our simultaneous post-hoc bounds in the evaluation of treatment effects across studies or subgroups. Specifically, we provide a tight lower bound on the number of studies which are beneficial, as well as on the number of studies which are harmful (or non-beneficial), and in addition conclude on the effect direction of individual studies, while guaranteeing that the probability of at least one wrong inference is at most 0.05.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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