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arXiv 2211.09415cs.DScs.DC
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小顶点割的近似最优分布式计算

Near-Optimal Distributed Computation of Small Vertex Cuts

Merav Parter, Asaf Petruschka

AI总结:

本文提出在CONGEST模型中检测小顶点割的近似最优算法,通过线性图素描和重-轻树分解绕过最大度障碍,实现$\widetilde{O}(D)$轮计算所有割点和割对,改进现有结果。

摘要:

我们提出了在分布式计算的CONGEST模型中检测小顶点割的近似最优算法。尽管该领域已有大量研究,但我们对图的顶点连通性的理解仍不完整,尤其是在分布式环境下。迄今为止,所有用于检测割点的分布式算法都受到图的最大度$\Delta$的固有依赖。因此,特别地,对于该问题,即使检测单个割点,也没有真正的次线性时间算法。我们采用了一种新的顶点连通性算法方法,使我们能够绕过现有的$\Delta$障碍。作为我们方法的预热,我们展示了一个简单的$\widetilde{O}(D)$轮随机算法,用于计算$D$-直径$n$-顶点图中的所有割点。这改进了[Pritchard和Thurimella,ICALP 2008]的$O(D+\Delta/\log n)$轮算法。我们的关键技术贡献是一个$\widetilde{O}(D)$轮随机算法,用于计算图中的所有割对,改进了[Parter,DISC '19]的最新$O(\Delta\cdot D)^4$轮算法。注意,即使对于更简单的边割设置,目前$\widetilde{O}(D)$轮算法也仅已知用于检测割边对。我们的方法基于采用众所周知的线性图素描技术[Ahn,Guha和McGregor,SODA 2012]以及[Sleator和Tarjan,STOC 1981]的重-轻树分解。结合对幸存子图的仔细刻画,我们能够使用$\widetilde{O}(D)$轮确定$G \setminus \{x,y\}$对每个顶点对$x,y \in V$的连通性。我们相信本文提供的工具对于省略$\Delta$依赖甚至对于更大的割值也是有用的。

英文摘要:

We present near-optimal algorithms for detecting small vertex cuts in the CONGEST model of distributed computing. Despite extensive research in this area, our understanding of the vertex connectivity of a graph is still incomplete, especially in the distributed setting. To this date, all distributed algorithms for detecting cut vertices suffer from an inherent dependency in the maximum degree of the graph, $Δ$. Hence, in particular, there is no truly sub-linear time algorithm for this problem, not even for detecting a single cut vertex. We take a new algorithmic approach for vertex connectivity which allows us to bypass the existing $Δ$ barrier. As a warm-up to our approach, we show a simple $\widetilde{O}(D)$-round randomized algorithm for computing all cut vertices in a $D$-diameter $n$-vertex graph. This improves upon the $O(D+Δ/\log n)$-round algorithm of [Pritchard and Thurimella, ICALP 2008]. Our key technical contribution is an $\widetilde{O}(D)$-round randomized algorithm for computing all cut pairs in the graph, improving upon the state-of-the-art $O(Δ\cdot D)^4$-round algorithm by [Parter, DISC '19]. Note that even for the considerably simpler setting of edge cuts, currently $\widetilde{O}(D)$-round algorithms are known only for detecting pairs of cut edges. Our approach is based on employing the well-known linear graph sketching technique [Ahn, Guha and McGregor, SODA 2012] along with the heavy-light tree decomposition of [Sleator and Tarjan, STOC 1981]. Combining this with a careful characterization of the survivable subgraphs, allows us to determine the connectivity of $G \setminus \{x,y\}$ for every pair $x,y \in V$, using $\widetilde{O}(D)$-rounds. We believe that the tools provided in this paper are useful for omitting the $Δ$-dependency even for larger cut values.

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